Radiation Dose Reconstruction of the exposed population in the Marshall Island

马绍尔群岛受辐射人群的辐射剂量重建

• 批准号: 13670373
• 负责人: TAKAHASHI Tatsuya
• 金额: $ 2.3万
• 依托单位: Yamagata Univeresity
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13670373/
• 关键词: Marshall Islands; nuclear weapon test; radiation exposure; thyroid cancer; radiation dose; dose reconstruction; 放射能被曝; マーシャル諸島; 甲状腺癌; 被曝線量推定; 量反応関係

From 1946 to 1958, 66 times of American nuclear weapons tests were conducted at Bikini and Enewetak atolls in the Marshall Islands, which located the mid-pacific. consequently, many of the Marshallese people potentially exposed to the radio-active fallout of the tests. The fallout included high level of radio-active Cesium and Iodine. These radio-active agents were taken by the Marshallese through their digestive and respiratory systems: internal radiation exposure. It was well established risk factor for the thyroid cancer to expose to radio-iodine, so that we started the follow-up study to the thyroid cancer occurrence among the Marshallese population from 1993. The preliminary results of initial phase of the study(i.e. cross sectional) were follows: (i) the prevalence of the thyroid cancer among the people who was born before the test was as high as 1.5%, (ii) there was possible dose-response relationship between the radiation exposure dose and the prevalence of thyroid cancer. In addition to relatively small cancer cases, since the available dose estimate at that time was very rough, this dose-response relationship would be not statistically significant. We conducted more detail dose reconstruction to get more study power in this study. Three types of dose reconstruction were performed: (i) thyroid dose based on those of highly exposed people of Rongelap and Utirik from the Bravo test in 1954, (ii) dose based on residual radioactive Cesium of each atoll NOT taken into account radiation rate, (iii) that taken into account radiation rate. Using dose estimates type i, there was significant dose-response between thyroid dose and thyroid cancer prevalence among people exposed more than 50 cGy. Thyroid cancer incidence will be evaluated using these new dose reconstructions.

1946年至1958年，美国在太平洋中部马绍尔群岛的比基尼环礁和埃尼韦塔克环礁进行了66次核武器试验。因此，许多马绍尔人可能会受到这些测试的放射性尘埃的影响。放射性尘埃包括高浓度的铯和碘。马绍尔人通过消化系统和呼吸系统摄入了这些放射性物质：体内辐射暴露。由于暴露于放射性碘是甲状腺癌的危险因素，因此我们从1993年开始对马绍尔人群中甲状腺癌的发生率进行跟踪研究。研究初始阶段（即横断面）的初步结果如下：（i）测试前出生的人群中甲状腺癌的患病率高达1.5%，（ii）有可能 辐射暴露剂量与甲状腺癌患病率之间的剂量反应关系。除了相对较小的癌症病例外，由于当时可用的剂量估计非常粗略，因此这种剂量-反应关系在统计上并不显着。我们进行了更详细的剂量重建，以在本研究中获得更多的研究力量。进行了三种类型的剂量重建：（i）基于 1954 年 Bravo 测试中 Rongelap 和 Utirik 高度暴露人群的甲状腺剂量，（ii）基于每个环礁残留放射性铯的剂量，未考虑辐射率，（iii）考虑辐射率。使用剂量估计类型 i，在暴露超过 50 cGy 的人群中，甲状腺剂量与甲状腺癌患病率之间存在显着的剂量反应。将使用这些新的剂量重建来评估甲状腺癌的发病率。

项目成果

Tatsuya Takahashi, Klaus R.Trott, Keisei Fujimori et al.: "Thyroid Disease in the Marshall Islands - Findings from 10 Years of Study"Tohoku University Press, Sendai. 136 (2001)

Tatsuya Takahashi、Klaus R.Trott、Keisei Fujimori 等人：“马绍尔群岛的甲状腺疾病 - 十年研究的结果”东北大学出版社，仙台。

Tatsuya Takahahi: "The relationship of thyroid cancer with radiation exposure from nuclear weapon testing in the Marshall Islands"Journal of Epidemiology. 13. 99-107 (2003)

Tatsuya Takahahi：“甲状腺癌与马绍尔群岛核武器试验辐射暴露的关系”流行病学杂志。

Takahashi T, Schoemaker MJ, Trott KR, Simon SL, Fujimori K, Nakashima N, Fukao A, Saito H: "The relationship of thyroid cancer with radiation exposure from nuclear weapon testing in the Marshall Islands"J Epidemiol. 13(2). 99-107 (2003)

Takahashi T、Schoemaker MJ、Trott KR、Simon SL、Fujimori K、Nakashima N、Fukao A、Saito H：“甲状腺癌与马绍尔群岛核武器试验辐射暴露的关系”J Epidemiol。

Tatsuya Takahashi et al.: "Thyroid Disease in the Marshall Islands-Findings from 10 Years of Study"Tohoku University Press. 136 (2002)

Tatsuya Takahashi 等：“马绍尔群岛的甲状腺疾病 - 10 年研究的结果”东北大学出版社。

Tatsuya Takahashi: "The relationship of thyroid cancer with radiation exposure from nuclear weapon testing in the Marshall Islands"Journal of Epidemiology. 13. 99-107 (2003)

Tatsuya Takahashi：“甲状腺癌与马绍尔群岛核武器试验辐射暴露的关系”流行病学杂志。