A comparative study on the change of the nursing and the care work in UK and Japan ; The participation and the effect of the nursing worker in the care worker training

在英国，自20世纪80年代中期以来，劳动标准化和质量进步的目标导致制定了一种独特的资格制度，称为国家卫生保健职业资格（NVQ）。在英国，NVQ以调查访谈的形式进行评估，首先针对NVQ的培训师和学生，以及有机会从NVQ转到大学护士培训项目的学生。接下来，针对HCA/NVQ的教育内容和体系、教育效果的评价、护士与HCA的合作情况、对HCA/NVQ工作职责的每一项胜任能力的评价以及未来期望的水平，对HCA/NVQ双方以及NVQ培训师进行询问。在日本，通过访谈和书面问卷进行的调查向护理和护理工作人员询问了护理工作人员的教育培训和职责，以及护理工作人员所在的长期护理保健设施的最新条件和理想条件。对比日本和英国的调查结果，英国的护理人员更独立，亲自负责教育。护理人员的职责主要集中在药物控制和管理上，因此在英国，护理人员和护理人员之间分担职责的困境也较小。然而，这已被证实是治疗方面非常不满的一个原因。另一方面，与英国相比，在日本，尽管护理工作和其他职责分工模糊，但护理人员的职责范围正在扩大。但同时也存在着较大的学院间差异。护理人员培训体系复杂，教育培训不规范，护理人员参与护理人员培训的情况不理想。少

In Great Britain, since the mid-1980's the standardization of labour and the goal of qualitative progress, lead to the preparation of an unique qualification system called National Vocational Qualification in Health Care (NVQ).NVQ was evaluated in Great Britain in the form of survey interviews directed first toward trainers and students of NVQ as well as students who had the opportunity to move from NVQ to nurse training programs in universities. Next, the questioning was directed toward both parties of HCA/NVQ as well as NVQ trainers concerned with the education content and system of HCA/NVQ, evaluation of the education outcome, conditions of co-operation between nurses and HCA, and evaluation of the competency of each item of HCA/NVQ work duties as well as the level expected in the future.In Japan surveys conducted via interviews and written questionnaires, questioned nursing and care-giving staff about the educational training and duties of the care-giving staff in relation to the p … More resent conditions and those ideal for Long-Term Care Health Facilities where care-giving staff members were placed.Comparison of survey results in both Japan and Great Britain showed that the care-giving staff in Great Britain are more independent and personally in charge of education. Nursing staff duties focus primarily on the control of drugs and management so that sharing of duties between care-giving and nursing staff has lesser dilemma in Great Britain, too. However, this has been confirmed to be a reason for great dissatisfaction on the treatment side.On the other hand, in Japan compared to Great Britain, even though nursing work and division of other duties is vague, the range of duties of care-givers is expanding. However at the same time they have large inter-faculty differences. Training systems are complicated and education training is not standardized far care-giving staff Furthermore, the nursing staff involvement in the training of care-giving staff turned out to be unsatisfactory. Less