Experimental Observation of Superradiance from an Automodulated Intense Relativistic Electron Beam.

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It was observed that the length of a coaxial cavity strongly affects the induced gap voltage and the level of automodulation. For high-frequency automodulation for a beam with slow rise time, a series of coaxial cavities with decreasing lengths named multi-stage automodulation was useful.Highly modulated intense eletron beams with modulated frequency around 1 GHz were obtained by the multi-stage automodulation scheme from an intense electron beam with energy of 500 keV, current of 4 kA, duration of 12 ns and rise time of 6 ns. Criteria for the cavity lengths are proposed. The round trip time for electromagnetic wave of the first cavity must be larger than the 1/3 of the current rise time. The lengths of the following cavities are set to the half stage by stage. The round trip time of the last cavity must be set to the half of the desired modulation period.Trains of pulsed microwaves with period of 2 ns which corresponded to the modulated period of an elctron beam were observed. The radiated microwave frequency was around 17 GHz that was reasonable for cyclotron superradience. These results suggest that the cyclotron superradiance can be repeated with a modulated intense electron beam. The dependence of the output power on the beam current should be investigated.