Study on Sustainable Environmental Resources Utilization System-Case study on Indochina Peninsula

这项研究的重点是老挝北部地区，那里的森林由于大规模采伐木材和过度的刀耕火种活动而严重退化。研究的目的是：(1)了解农村的社会经济活动；(2)澄清从事刀耕火种农业的村民对森林的利用状况。该项目包括在老挝北部琅勃拉邦省目标地区实施的四轮研究和调查。对30个村庄的600户家庭进行了访谈和调查。本研究的结果不仅明确了从事刀耕火种农业的村民的详细生活状况，还表明货币经济开始在刀耕火种村建立起来，经济作物和专业木材产品的种植和收获越来越受欢迎，并有助于改善村民的生活。以粮食为指标进一步探讨对森林的依赖程度这项调查表明，村庄定居点可分为三种类型：(1)粮食不足的人，他们的生计高度依赖森林；(2)高度依赖森林，但能够自己种植很大一部分大米的人；(3)种植水稻成功，因此不特别依赖森林获得收入的人。调查各部落人民对森林问题不同程度的认识这项调查显示，老挝中部的Khmu人和高地的苗族人对森林问题的认识在很大程度上受到他们循环的刀耕火种农业的影响。土地使用政策调查土地使用分配项目在鼓励农村村民更有效地利用土地方面被认为是有效的。但与此同时，有迹象表明，它可能助长了村庄住区内贫富差距的扩大，并削弱了森林养护和管理的联合结构。这项调查显示了确保村庄住区内对森林再生活动在经济和生活方式/环境方面的重要性有共同认识的未来重要性。少

This research focuses on the northern regions of Laos, where forests have been significantly degraded as a result of large-scale timber harvesting and excessive slash-and-burn activities. The research objectives are (1) to understand the socio-economic activities of rural villages, and (2) to clarify the state of forest utilization by villagers engaged in slash-and-burn agriculture. The project comprises four rounds of research and surveys implemented in the target area of Luang Prabang Province in northern Laos.1. Interviews and surveys taken from 600 households in 30 villagesResults of this research not only clarified the detailed state of lifestyles of villagers engaged in slash-and-burn agriculture, it also showed that a monetary economy was beginning to establish itself within slash-and-burn villages, and that the cultivation and harvesting of cash crops and specialist timber products was increasing in popularity and contributing to improvements in villagers' livelihoods.2. Survey … More into levels of forest dependency using food as an indicatorThis survey demonstrated that village settlements can be categorized into three types : (1) those with insufficient rice, whose level of dependency on the forest for their livelihoods is high, (2) those who are highly dependent on the forest but who are able to grow a significant proportion of their own rice, and (3) those who successfully grow rice and are therefore not particularly dependent on the forest for income.3. Survey into differing levels of awareness among tribal peoples in regard to forest issuesThis survey showed that awareness of forest issues among both the Khmu people of central Laos and the highland Hmong people is largely colored by their cycles of slash-and-burn agriculture.4. Survey into land use policiesThe land use distribution project has been acknowledged as effective in terms of encouraging more efficient utilization of land by villagers in rural areas. At the same time, however, there are indications that it may have contributed to a widening disparity between rich and poor within village settlements, and weakened joint forest conservation and management structures. This survey demonstrated the future importance of ensuring a shared awareness within village settlements regarding the significance, in economic and lifestyle/environmental terms, of forest regeneration activities. Less