Changes on Land Surface, Climate/Water Cycle in Monsoon Asia-An Integrated International Cooperative Research Project-

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Based on the observational data obtained through GAME project and other data sets, the analyses were made on energy and water cycle processes of the Asian monsoon system, including continental and basin-scale seasonal and interannual variations, vegetation-climate interaction, snow cover-climate interaction and inter-relations between surface and atmospheric heating and convective activities over various part of the Eurasian continent.Based on TRMM-PR precipitation data analysis, time-space characteristics of diurnal cycles of rainfall and their relation to surface conditions over the western Pacific through southeast Asia. Using regional atmospheric models, mechanisms of diurnal cycles of convection and rainfall over Indochina peninsula and Sumatra island, particularly relevant to land-sea contrast, surface energy and water conditions and topographies. In east Asian monsoon region, the role of land surface conditions on development of meso-scale cloud systems embedded in the Meiyu/Baiu frontal system was understood through the intensive data analysis and cloud-resolving models.By using atmosphere-ocean coupled GCMs, impacts of relative role of Tibetan plateau orography and continental-scale vegetation on the Asian monsoon system were assessed, and the importance of the surface vegetation on the Asian monsoon has proved to be essential as well as the orography. In addition, relative role of the plateau orography and sea surface temperature(SST) distribution was also discussed using atmospheric GCMs.These scientific results have already been published in more than 200 peer-reviewed papers in many international journals including Science in U.S.A. In FY 2004,we organized the 6^<th> international GAME scientific conference, where 180 scientists participated and more than 140 papers were presented including the scientific results mentioned here.