Research for the deformation field in middle to lower crust from the viewpoints of water-rock interactions.

1)研制了小型活塞缸系统的地壳流体状态方程实验装置，并对其性能进行了测试。适用于气体型高温湿度三轴仪的压力容器。将CO2从压力容器中注入密闭NaCl溶液的微型活塞缸系统中，连续测量P、V、T。P和V的测量精度是足够的，但T的测量必须提高。2)采用高采集率的三轴仪数据记录系统进行粘滑实验。他们阐明了在滑移面被摩擦加热融化后，摩擦系数突然迅速增加，滑移是暂时或最终停止的。3)我们对旧的固压式三轴仪进行了检修，更新了T和P的测量系统，使我们能够在莫霍深度进行P和T条件下的变形实验。我们还成功地精确测量了差应力。利用该装置对石英岩进行了变形实验，探讨了水对下地壳塑性流动和破裂的影响。4)基于统计热力学理论，分析了控制固体中液体和熔体分布模式的固液体系二面角对温度、压力和组分的依赖关系。结果与金属的实验数据一致，至少定性地解释了石英+ H2O体系在下地壳条件下的润湿行为。5)利用FLASH算法，对已有的H2O + NaCl + CO2体系的所有状态方程进行了相平衡的计算机编码。此外，我们通过微分由状态方程导出的温度的状态函数来计算焓。根据温度变化对状态方程的准确性进行了检验。6)我们测量了浸泡在电解质溶液中的烧结玻璃微珠的电阻抗，以了解其与烧结玻璃微珠内部结构的关系。这些实验阐明了电导率是由液体的连通性决定的，而介电常数是由孤立的液体斑块决定的。这些结果使我们能够建立岩石中液相分布形态的真实模型。少

1)We made experimental apparatus of a mini-piston cylinder system for state-equation of crustal fluids, and tested its capability. It is used in the pressure vessel of gas-type high T & P tri-axial apparatus. CO2 is injected out of the pressure vessel into the mini-piston cylinder system in which NaCl solution is confined, P, V and T is continuously measured. The accuracy of P and V measurements is sufficient, but the measurement of T must be improved.2)We performed stick-slip experiments using the data recording system of a high acquisition rate which was attached with the tri-axial apparatus. They elucidated that friction coefficient increased abruptly and promptly just after the melting of slip surfaces by frictional heating, and that slips were stopped temporarily or finally.3)We overhauled our old solid-pressure type tri-axial apparatus and renewed the measurement system of T and P. This enabled us to performed deformation experiments under the P and T conditions at a Moho depth. … More We succeeded also in measuring the differential stress precisely. By using this refined apparatus, we stared the deformation experiments far quartzite with an aim to investigate the effects of H2O on plastic flow and fracturing in lower crust.4)On the basis of statistical thermodynamics theory, we analyzed the temperature-, pressure-and composition-dependences of the dihedral angles of solid/liquid systems which control the distribution patterns of liquids and melts in solids. The results are consistent with the experimental data for metals, and the wetting behaviors in quartz + H2O system under the condition of the lower crust were successfully explained at least qualitatively.5)By using FLASH algorism, we made a computer code of the phase equilibrium for all of the state equations of H2O + NaCl + CO2 systems that have been proposed previously. Moreover, we calculated enthalpies by differentiating the state functions for temperature that is derived from the state equations. The accuracy of the state equations was checked based on temperature changes.6)We measured the electric impedance for sintered glass beads which was immersed in electrolyte solutions in order to understand its relation to the internal structure of the sintered glass beads. These experiments elucidated that the electric conductivity is determined by the connectivity of liquid, and that the dielectric constant is governed by the isolated liquid patches. These results enable us to establish realistic models for the distributional configuration of liquid phases in rocks. Less