Research for the deformation field in middle to lower crust from the viewpoints of water-rock interactions.

1）研制了微型活塞缸系统地壳流体状态方程实验装置，并对其性能进行了测试。用于气体式高温高压三轴装置的压力容器。将CO2从压力容器中注入到小型活塞缸系统中，在该系统中限制NaCl溶液，连续测量P、V和T。P和V的测量精度已经足够，但T的测量精度还有待提高。2）利用三轴实验装置上的高速数据记录系统进行了粘滑实验。3）对原有的固体压力式三轴仪进行了大修，更新了T和P测量系统，使我们能够在莫霍面深度进行P和T条件下的变形实验。 关于我们 我们还成功地精确测量了差应力。在此基础上，进行了石英岩的变形实验，研究了水对下地壳塑性流动和破裂的影响。4）基于统计热力学理论，分析了控制固体中液体和熔体分布的固/液体系二面角的温度、压力和成分依赖性。计算结果与金属实验数据基本一致，至少定性地解释了下地壳条件下石英+H_2O体系的润湿行为。5）利用FLASH算法，编制了H_2O + NaCl + CO_2体系相平衡计算程序。此外，我们通过对状态方程导出的温度状态函数进行微分来计算温度。基于温度变化检查状态方程的准确性。6）我们测量了浸入电解质溶液中的烧结玻璃珠的电阻抗，以了解其与烧结玻璃珠内部结构的关系。这些实验阐明了电导率由液体的连通性决定，而介电常数由孤立的液体斑块决定。这些结果使我们能够建立真实的模型，液相在岩石中的分布配置。少

1)We made experimental apparatus of a mini-piston cylinder system for state-equation of crustal fluids, and tested its capability. It is used in the pressure vessel of gas-type high T & P tri-axial apparatus. CO2 is injected out of the pressure vessel into the mini-piston cylinder system in which NaCl solution is confined, P, V and T is continuously measured. The accuracy of P and V measurements is sufficient, but the measurement of T must be improved.2)We performed stick-slip experiments using the data recording system of a high acquisition rate which was attached with the tri-axial apparatus. They elucidated that friction coefficient increased abruptly and promptly just after the melting of slip surfaces by frictional heating, and that slips were stopped temporarily or finally.3)We overhauled our old solid-pressure type tri-axial apparatus and renewed the measurement system of T and P. This enabled us to performed deformation experiments under the P and T conditions at a Moho depth. … More We succeeded also in measuring the differential stress precisely. By using this refined apparatus, we stared the deformation experiments far quartzite with an aim to investigate the effects of H2O on plastic flow and fracturing in lower crust.4)On the basis of statistical thermodynamics theory, we analyzed the temperature-, pressure-and composition-dependences of the dihedral angles of solid/liquid systems which control the distribution patterns of liquids and melts in solids. The results are consistent with the experimental data for metals, and the wetting behaviors in quartz + H2O system under the condition of the lower crust were successfully explained at least qualitatively.5)By using FLASH algorism, we made a computer code of the phase equilibrium for all of the state equations of H2O + NaCl + CO2 systems that have been proposed previously. Moreover, we calculated enthalpies by differentiating the state functions for temperature that is derived from the state equations. The accuracy of the state equations was checked based on temperature changes.6)We measured the electric impedance for sintered glass beads which was immersed in electrolyte solutions in order to understand its relation to the internal structure of the sintered glass beads. These experiments elucidated that the electric conductivity is determined by the connectivity of liquid, and that the dielectric constant is governed by the isolated liquid patches. These results enable us to establish realistic models for the distributional configuration of liquid phases in rocks. Less