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Integrated Coastal Zone Management : Application of Osaka Bay Research to Bohai Sea, China

海岸带综合管理：大阪湾研究在中国渤海的应用

基本信息

批准号：
14205073
负责人：
NAKATSUJI Kenji
金额：
$ 30.78万
依托单位：
Osaka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

It has been reported from Chinese Government that red tides have often occurred in the wide ranges in the past two decades. Similar eutrophication phenomena were also observed in 1960's in Japan. Water contamination, red tide appearance, anoxic water, etc., had developed accompanied with rapidly economic growth. The surface area in Bohai Sea is about 100 times as large as that of Osaka Bay ; therefore, synthetic field surveys are not carried out. The knowledge, which has been obtained by field surveys in Osaka Bay, is transported to better understanding of hydrodynamics and ecosystem in Bohai Sea from the viewpoints of technology transfer. In addition, integrated coastal zone management system was developed for environmental conservation in Osaka Bay.Main results are shown as follows ;(1)The concept of Osaka Bay Environmental Information System(OBEIS) is shown, which is developed for synthetically management of environmental information data with various time and space sizes. Furthermo … More re, the authors criticize the concept of "environmental standard" in environmental impact assessment and provide the multi-criteria methodologies taken the fuzzy features appeared in natural phenomena into account.(2)In 1960's water pollution in coastal seas became serious problems on the back of rapidly economic growth. Area-wide Total Pollutant Load Control was put into force by the Government. An aquatic ecosystem model was applied to evaluate the processes of water pollution and quantitative impacts of such control on the water quality in Osaka Bay. The simulation, performed from 1950 to 2020, suggests that the load control should be expanded to include not only COD but nitrogen and phosphorus as well, because both nutrients cause internal production of COD.(3)Field surveys around the Kitan Strait were carried out to clarify the flow structure and nutrients fluxes to the Osaka Bay. The results showed that the stratification in this area depends on the Kuroshio Current meandering, and that nutrients intrude to Osaka Bay through the bottom layer of the strait as Kuroshio Current is detached far from Shiono-misaki point. The inflows of nutrients transported from Kii Channel to Osaka Bay are almost same order discharged from land(4)The harbor site in the head of Osaka Bay, which is highly urbanized, has been developed into an enclosed area with complicated artificial islands and breakwaters. Algal blooms frequently occur on the sea surface in this area throughout the year. During summer there is often upwelling of anoxic bottom water depending on stratification. Because of the depletion of oxygen, the upwelling anoxic water mass causes a serious water pollution problem similar to the problem caused by algal bloom.Four meetings were held with Chinese researchers in order to develop refined three dimensional baroclinic flow model based on discussion. Horizontal size is 480km x 350km, while average water depth is only 18 m. Hydrodynamic features can be clarified. Ecosystem modeling is in preparation. Less

据中国政府通报，近二十年来，赤潮经常大范围发生。日本在20世纪60年代也观察到类似的富营养化现象。随着经济的快速发展，水体污染、赤潮出现、水体缺氧等问题也随之出现。渤海面积约为大阪湾的100倍；因此，没有进行综合实地调查。通过大阪湾实地调查获得的知识，可以从技术转让的角度更好地了解渤海的水动力和生态系统。此外，针对大阪湾环境保护，开发了海岸带综合管理系统。主要成果如下：(1)提出了大阪湾环境信息系统(OBEIS)的概念，该系统是为综合管理不同时间和空间大小的环境信息数据而开发的。此外，作者还批评了环境影响评价中的“环境标准”概念，并提出了考虑自然现象中出现的模糊特征的多标准方法。(2)1960年，随着经济的快速增长，沿海海域的水污染成为严重问题。政府实施了全区污染物总量控制。应用水生生态系统模型来评估水污染过程以及这种控制对大阪湾水质的定量影响。从1950年到2020年进行的模拟表明，负荷控制应扩大到不仅包括COD，还应包括氮和磷，因为这两种营养物会导致COD的内部产生。(3)在Kitan海峡周围进行了实地调查，以明确流向大阪湾的流动结构和营养物通量。结果表明，该地区的层结取决于黑潮曲流，由于黑潮远离盐野岬点，营养物质通过海峡底层侵入大阪湾。从纪伊水道输送至大阪湾的营养物质流入量与陆地排放量几乎相同(4)大阪湾头部的港址高度城市化，已发展成为一个拥有复杂人工岛和防波堤的封闭区域。该地区海面常年发生藻华现象。夏季，由于分层，缺氧底层水经常上涌。由于缺氧，上涌的缺氧水团造成了类似于藻华造成的严重水污染问题。与中国研究人员举行了四次会议，在讨论的基础上开发了精细的三维斜压流模型。横向尺寸为480km×350km，平均水深仅为18m。可以阐明流体动力学特征。生态系统建模正在准备中。较少的