Multicolor Active Galactic Nuclei Monitoring

为了减少对活动星系核（agn）进行长期多波长监测的巨大资金和人力成本，我们从日本开发了无人自动观测和远程操作（实际上是监测）的硬件和软件。我们成功开发了自动观测系统（在观测过程中判断天气是否适合观测并选择最佳观测目标）和远程监测预警系统（在观测过程中帮助观测者监测观测情况并在观测错误时发出警报）。现在，我们通常在没有现场观察员的情况下从日本开展行动下的观察，连续一个多月。随着观测系统的发展，我们增加了用于多波长监测的目标agn的数量。现在它达到了大约70个agn，其中大约一半是塞弗特星系，它们相对较近，亮度较低。我们发现……更多的是，几乎所有的目标塞弗特星系都是可变的，并且可以精确地测量几个已经观测了足够时间的塞弗特星系的光学变化和近红外变化之间的滞后时间（NGC4151,Minezaki et al.2004;NGC5548,Suganuma et al.2004）。我们还发现，滞后时间与AGN的光度的平方根大致成正比。这表明我们提出的光度距离测量方法是可行的。此外，我们还比较了红外滞后时间和宽发射在线滞后时间，即比较了尘埃环的内半径和agn的宽发射在线区域的大小，这是建立Seyfert型agn统一模型的关键工作。此外，我们对AGN红外滞后时间的测量达到了z=0.35的距离，这对宇宙学参数的测量具有重要意义，并且我们成功地观测到了目标AGN中的Ia型超新星，这对距离测量技术的校准非常有用。少

In order to reduce vast cost of fund and manpower for the operation of long term multi-wavelength monitoring of active galactic nuclei(AGNs), we have developed the hardware and software for unmanned automatic observation and remote operation (monitoring, in fact) from Japan. We have succeeded to develop the automatic observation system (, which judges the weather is suitable for observation and select best targets during the observation), and the remote monitoring and alert system (, which helps observers to monitor the observation and makes an alert when the observation is something wrong). Now, we usually carry out the observation under the operation from Japan without on-site observer, at a consecutive period of more than a month.Along with the development of the observation system, we increased the number of targeted AGNs for multi-wavelength monitoring. Now it reaches about 70 AGNs, and about half of them are Seyfert galaxies, which are relatively nearby and low luminous. We found … More that almost all targeted Seyfert galaxies are variable, and could measure precise lag times between the optical variations and the near-infrared variations for several Seyfert galaxies that have been observed for enough period (NGC4151,Minezaki et al.2004;NGC5548,Suganuma et al.2004). We also found that the lag time is roughly proportional to the square root of the luminosity of AGN. This shows that our proposed idea of luminosity distance measurement will work well. In addition, we compared the infrared lag-time and the broad emission-line lag-time, that is, compared with the inner radius of the dust torus and the size of the broad emission-line region ofAGN, which is critical work for the unified model of Seyfert types of AGNs.Moreover, our measurement of the infrared lag-time of AGN reaches to the distance of z=0.35,which is important for the measurement of the cosmological parameters, and we succeeded to observe a type Ia supernova in a targeted AGN, which is quite useful for the calibration of the distance measurement technique. Less