Multicolor Active Galactic Nuclei Monitoring

为了减少活动星系核(AGN)长期多波长监测运行所需的大量资金和人力成本，我们从日本研制了无人自动观测和远程操作(实际上是监测)的硬件和软件。我们成功地开发了自动观测系统(判断天气是否适合观测并在观测过程中选择最佳目标)和远程监测和警报系统(帮助观察员监测观测并在观测出现问题时发出警报)。现在，我们通常在没有现场观察员的情况下从日本进行观测，连续观测一个月以上。随着观测系统的发展，我们增加了多波长监测的靶向活动星系核的数量。现在它可以到达大约70个活动星系核，其中大约一半是赛弗特星系，这些星系离我们相对较近，亮度也很低。我们找到了…更重要的是，几乎所有的目标塞弗特星系都是可变的，可以测量已经观测了足够长时间的几个塞弗特星系的光学变化和近红外变化之间的精确滞后时间(NGC4151，Minezaki等人.2004；NGC5548，Suganuma等人.2004)。我们还发现，滞后时间大致与活动星系核光度的平方根成正比。这表明，我们提出的光度测距的想法将会很好地工作。此外，我们还比较了红外滞后时间和宽发射线滞后时间，即与尘埃环的内径和活动星系核的宽发射线区域的大小进行了比较，这是建立Seyfert类型活动星系核统一模型的关键工作。此外，我们测量的活动星系核的红外滞后时间达到了z=0.35的距离，这对于宇宙学参数的测量是重要的，我们成功地在目标活动星系核中观测到了一颗Ia型超新星，这对距离测量技术的校准非常有用。较少

In order to reduce vast cost of fund and manpower for the operation of long term multi-wavelength monitoring of active galactic nuclei(AGNs), we have developed the hardware and software for unmanned automatic observation and remote operation (monitoring, in fact) from Japan. We have succeeded to develop the automatic observation system (, which judges the weather is suitable for observation and select best targets during the observation), and the remote monitoring and alert system (, which helps observers to monitor the observation and makes an alert when the observation is something wrong). Now, we usually carry out the observation under the operation from Japan without on-site observer, at a consecutive period of more than a month.Along with the development of the observation system, we increased the number of targeted AGNs for multi-wavelength monitoring. Now it reaches about 70 AGNs, and about half of them are Seyfert galaxies, which are relatively nearby and low luminous. We found … More that almost all targeted Seyfert galaxies are variable, and could measure precise lag times between the optical variations and the near-infrared variations for several Seyfert galaxies that have been observed for enough period (NGC4151,Minezaki et al.2004;NGC5548,Suganuma et al.2004). We also found that the lag time is roughly proportional to the square root of the luminosity of AGN. This shows that our proposed idea of luminosity distance measurement will work well. In addition, we compared the infrared lag-time and the broad emission-line lag-time, that is, compared with the inner radius of the dust torus and the size of the broad emission-line region ofAGN, which is critical work for the unified model of Seyfert types of AGNs.Moreover, our measurement of the infrared lag-time of AGN reaches to the distance of z=0.35,which is important for the measurement of the cosmological parameters, and we succeeded to observe a type Ia supernova in a targeted AGN, which is quite useful for the calibration of the distance measurement technique. Less