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Physiological and ecological role of Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) on psychrophilic phytoplankton

二甲基磺基丙酸酯 (DMSP) 对嗜冷浮游植物的生理和生态作用

基本信息

批准号：
14380247
负责人：
HIRAWAKE Toru
金额：
$ 8.83万
依托单位：
National Institute of Polar Research
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) production by psychrophilic phytoplankton was experimentally analyzed in order to investigate its physiological and ecological role on phytoplankton. DMSP : chl.a ratios were calculated as indices of DMSP productivities against algal biomass. DMSP productivities were species-specific, i.e. some psychrophilic diatom strains cultured under cold conditions produced DMSP in their cells, and some of them did not produce DMSP. Some of DMSP producing diatoms increased their DMSP productivities during their stationary growth phase. This growth-related DMSP productivity by diatoms may result in the high concentrations of DMSP observed in the later stage of diatom blooms under natural polar seas, and may affect their survival and the succession of species. The environmental effects, such as water temperature and salinity, on phytoplankton DMSP productivities were also investigated. During a laboratory study, water temperature did not affect DMSP productivities in the range of 1.7-5℃. DMSP productivities of diatom strains were tend to be higher under high salinity culture conditions. Especially, Haslea sp. and Navicula sp. produced much DMSP when they grew under 35.2 high saline waters. They are known as icealgae. It is possible that although they produce much DMSP while they grow in the brine waters (high salinity), once they come out from the ice to the melt water (low salinity), they would not produce DMSP. DMSP functions as an osmolyte in phytoplankton, however, it is suggested that phytoplankton would use DMSP as an osmolyte when they grow higher salinity waters and they would use different chemicals to prevent from an osmotic shock when they grow lower salinity waters.

为探讨DMSP对浮游植物的生理生态作用，对嗜冷浮游植物产生DMSP的过程进行了实验分析。DMSP：chla比率计算为DMSP生产力相对于藻类生物量的指数。DMSP的产生具有种特异性，即在低温条件下培养的一些嗜冷硅藻菌株在其细胞中产生DMSP，而其中一些菌株不产生DMSP。一些产DMSP的硅藻在其稳定生长期增加了其DMSP生产力。这种与生长相关的硅藻DMSP生产力可能导致在自然极地海洋下硅藻水华后期观察到的高浓度DMSP，并可能影响其生存和物种演替。研究了温度、盐度等环境因子对浮游植物DMSP生产力的影响。在实验室研究期间，水温在1.7-5℃范围内不影响DMSP生产率。硅藻菌株的DMSP生产力在高盐培养条件下有较高的趋势。特别是在高盐沃茨条件下生长的黑丝藻和舟形藻产生了大量的DMSP。它们被称为冰藻。这可能是因为，尽管它们在高盐度的盐水沃茨中生长时产生了大量的DMSP，但一旦它们从冰中出来进入低盐度的融水，它们就不会产生DMSP。DMSP在浮游植物中起着渗透调节剂的作用，但在高盐度沃茨中，浮游植物会利用DMSP作为渗透调节剂，而在低盐度沃茨中，浮游植物则会利用不同的化学物质来防止渗透冲击。