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Reading disorders in Japanese : A computational account from simulation study

日语阅读障碍：模拟研究的计算说明

基本信息

批准号：
14510113
负责人：
IJUIN Mutsuo
金额：
$ 2.11万
依托单位：
Tokyo Metropolitan Foundation for Research on Aging and Promotion of Human Welfare
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14510113/
关键词：
computational model neural network reading production comprehension Kanji Kana simulation 意味属性分散表現

项目摘要

The triangle model is a computational model for lexical processing which computes word orthography, phonology and semantics using the architecture of a parallel distributed processing network. The computation takes the form of interactions among neuron-like processing units. In the present research, a Japanese triangle model computed phonology directly from orthography for both Kanji and Kana strings, with additional input to phonology from a component representing putative word semantics. This model successfully simulated certain effects seen in the performance of Japanese skilled readers. Moreover, different types of damage to the model reproduced data on both the surface and phonological forms of acquired dyslexia.After damage to the semantic component, the model's reading performance remained good for Kana words, Kana nonwords, and Kanji words with consistent character-sound correspondences, but was significantly impaired on Kanji words with atypical correspondences : this simulates surface dyslexia. After damage to the phonological component of the model, the network's performance remained good for both Kanji and Kana words but was impaired on Kana nonwords : this simulates phonological dyslexia.These results are basically comparable to those of previous models developed for English, and thus demonstrate that the same computational principles of the triangle model can be applied to alphabetic and non-alphabetic writing systems.

三角形模型是用于词汇处理的计算模型，它使用并行分布式处理网络的架构来计算单词正字法、音韵学和语义。计算采用类神经元处理单元之间交互的形式。在本研究中，日语三角模型直接根据汉字和假名字符串的正字法计算音系，并从代表假定单词语义的组件中额外输入音系。该模型成功地模拟了日本熟练读者的表现中所看到的某些效果。此外，模型的不同类型的损坏都再现了获得性阅读障碍的表面和语音形式的数据。在语义成分受损后，模型的阅读性能对于假名词、假名非词和具有一致的字符-声音对应关系的汉字词仍然良好，但对于具有非典型对应关系的汉字词的阅读性能明显受损：这模拟了表面阅读障碍。在模型的音系部分受损后，网络对汉字和假名单词的性能仍然良好，但对假名非单词的性能受到损害：这模拟了语音阅读障碍。这些结果基本上与之前为英语开发的模型相当，从而证明三角形模型的相同计算原理可以应用于字母和非字母书写系统。