Reading disorders in Japanese : A computational account from simulation study

三角形模型是一种词汇处理的计算模型，它使用并行分布式处理网络的架构来计算单词的拼写、语音和语义。这种计算是以神经元处理单元之间的相互作用为形式的。在本研究中，一个日本三角形模型计算音韵直接从正字法的汉字和假名字符串，额外的输入音韵从一个组件代表假定的单词语义。这个模型成功地模拟了日本熟练读者的表现中所看到的某些效果。此外，不同类型的损害模型再现的数据上的表面和语音形式的获得性阅读障碍。损坏后的语义组件，该模型的阅读性能仍然良好的假名词，假名非词，汉字词与一致的字符和声音的对应关系，但显着受损的汉字词与非典型的对应关系：这模拟表面阅读障碍。模型的语音成分受损后，网络的性能仍然良好的汉字和假名词，但受损的假名nonwords：这模拟语音dyslexia.These结果基本上是可比的，以前的模型开发的英语，从而表明，相同的计算原则的三角形模型可以应用于字母和非字母的书写系统。

The triangle model is a computational model for lexical processing which computes word orthography, phonology and semantics using the architecture of a parallel distributed processing network. The computation takes the form of interactions among neuron-like processing units. In the present research, a Japanese triangle model computed phonology directly from orthography for both Kanji and Kana strings, with additional input to phonology from a component representing putative word semantics. This model successfully simulated certain effects seen in the performance of Japanese skilled readers. Moreover, different types of damage to the model reproduced data on both the surface and phonological forms of acquired dyslexia.After damage to the semantic component, the model's reading performance remained good for Kana words, Kana nonwords, and Kanji words with consistent character-sound correspondences, but was significantly impaired on Kanji words with atypical correspondences : this simulates surface dyslexia. After damage to the phonological component of the model, the network's performance remained good for both Kanji and Kana words but was impaired on Kana nonwords : this simulates phonological dyslexia.These results are basically comparable to those of previous models developed for English, and thus demonstrate that the same computational principles of the triangle model can be applied to alphabetic and non-alphabetic writing systems.