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Cultural Anthropological Study on the Ecology and Worldview of Yaeyama Islanders in Okinawa

冲绳八重山岛民生态与世界观的文化人类学研究

基本信息

批准号：
14510335
负责人：
YAMADA Takako
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14510335/
关键词：
Yaeyama Islands Hateruma Island ecology recognition of nature transmission of rituals idea of deities identity 世界観文化人類学神行事の実践豊年祭神行事の変容

项目摘要

Today, with the advent of modernization, not only people's daily lives but also religious practices have been modified. In this research project, the ecology and worldview today among the local inhabitants of Yaeyama Islands in Okinawa were empirically and scientifically analyzed from a cultural anthropological viewpoint. Hateruma Island was selected as a focal field study area, where field data on the ecology and world view were recorded by photos, VTR, and audio tape through participant observations and interviews. Lastly, the idea of deities in Hateruma Islands was compared with that of the Ainu.The implementation of projects to improve local infrastructure have made people's lives convenient and modernized and the re-division of cultivated fields into larger division makes sugar cane cultivation less painstaking and the area of natural vegetation greatly reduced. Therefore, in particular, the dynamism of traditional religious practices and the ecological knowledge through moderniza … More tion is analyzed and the followings are the findings :(1)The traditional knowledge on plants has passing away in the point that their vernacular names are replaced by common Japanese or Okinawan, however, the knowledge on those that are utilized during the rituals are still vividly maintained.(2)Although the sugar cane is the main crop and the annual calendar of cultivation has changed, people still perform rituals 46 times in a year despite a shortage of female priests and helpers.(3)The performance of the most important thanksgiving ritual for the crop is maintained as a community-based event by the participation of all the local inhabitants, although the procedure has partly been simplified.(4)The maintenance of ritual performances is not only an expression of faith but also an agency to integrate their sense of belongingness to their island.Furthermore, it is revealed that the idea of deities of Hateruma people is closely linked with the locality of a certain land and space. Their deities are not embodied by an animal or a plant not similarly as Ainu deities are, but are shown by the very practice of offering water. The idea of deities is thus related with the ecology of cultivation, while Ainu idea of deities with the ecology of hunting and gathering. Less

今天，随着现代化的到来，不仅人们的日常生活，而且宗教习俗也发生了变化。本研究从文化人类学的观点出发，对冲绳八重山诸岛居民的生态和世界观进行了实证和科学分析。波照间岛被选为重点实地考察地区，通过参与者的观察和访谈，通过照片、录像机和录音带记录了有关生态和世界观的实地数据。最后，将波照间群岛的神灵观念与阿伊努人的神灵观念进行了比较。改善当地基础设施的项目的实施使人们的生活变得方便和现代化，耕地的重新划分使甘蔗种植变得不那么辛苦，自然植被面积大大减少。因此，特别是传统宗教习俗的活力和现代化带来的生态知识， ...更多信息（1）传统的植物知识已经消亡，被普通的日本人或冲绳人所取代，但在仪式中使用的植物知识仍然生动地保留着。（2）虽然甘蔗是主要作物，每年的种植日历已经改变，但尽管缺乏女祭司和助手，人们仍然在一年中举行46次仪式。（3）最重要的农作物感恩仪式的举行仍然是以社区为基础的活动，由所有当地居民参加，尽管程序部分简化了。（4）保持仪式表演不仅是信仰的表达，也是将他们的归属感融入岛屿的中介。此外，还揭示了波照间人的神灵观念与一定的土地和空间的地方性有着密切的联系。他们的神不是由动物或植物体现的，不像阿伊努神那样，而是通过提供水的实践来表现的。因此，神灵的观念与农耕生态有关，而阿伊努人的神灵观念与狩猎和采集生态有关。少