Cultural Anthropological Study on the Ecology and Worldview of Yaeyama Islanders in Okinawa

今天，随着现代化的到来，不仅人们的日常生活发生了变化，宗教习俗也发生了变化。在这项研究项目中，从文化人类学的角度对冲绳矢山群岛当地居民今天的生态和世界观进行了实证和科学的分析。哈特鲁马岛被选为重点实地考察区，通过参与者的观察和访谈，通过照片、录像机和录音带记录关于生态和世界观的实地数据。最后，将哈特鲁马群岛的神灵观念与阿伊努人的神灵观念进行了比较。改善当地基础设施的项目的实施使人们的生活变得方便和现代化，将耕地重新划分为更大的分区，使甘蔗种植不那么费力，自然植被面积大大减少。因此，特别是传统宗教习俗的活力和通过现代化…获得的生态知识进一步分析发现：(1)关于植物的传统知识已经不复存在，它们的方言名称被普通的日语或冲绳人取代，但关于仪式中使用的知识仍然生动地保留下来。(2)虽然甘蔗是主要作物，每年的种植日历也发生了变化，但尽管缺乏女祭司和帮手，人们仍然在一年中举行46次仪式。(3)最重要的感恩节仪式的表演是由当地全体居民参与的社区活动，仪式表演的维持不仅是信仰的一种表达，也是整合他们对岛屿的归属感的一种机构，并揭示了哈特鲁马人的神灵观念与一定土地和空间的地方性密切相关。他们的神不是由动物或植物体现的，与阿伊努神不同，但通过提供水的做法来表现。因此，神的观念与修养的生态有关，而阿伊奴的神的观念与狩猎和采集的生态有关。较少

Today, with the advent of modernization, not only people's daily lives but also religious practices have been modified. In this research project, the ecology and worldview today among the local inhabitants of Yaeyama Islands in Okinawa were empirically and scientifically analyzed from a cultural anthropological viewpoint. Hateruma Island was selected as a focal field study area, where field data on the ecology and world view were recorded by photos, VTR, and audio tape through participant observations and interviews. Lastly, the idea of deities in Hateruma Islands was compared with that of the Ainu.The implementation of projects to improve local infrastructure have made people's lives convenient and modernized and the re-division of cultivated fields into larger division makes sugar cane cultivation less painstaking and the area of natural vegetation greatly reduced. Therefore, in particular, the dynamism of traditional religious practices and the ecological knowledge through moderniza … More tion is analyzed and the followings are the findings :(1)The traditional knowledge on plants has passing away in the point that their vernacular names are replaced by common Japanese or Okinawan, however, the knowledge on those that are utilized during the rituals are still vividly maintained.(2)Although the sugar cane is the main crop and the annual calendar of cultivation has changed, people still perform rituals 46 times in a year despite a shortage of female priests and helpers.(3)The performance of the most important thanksgiving ritual for the crop is maintained as a community-based event by the participation of all the local inhabitants, although the procedure has partly been simplified.(4)The maintenance of ritual performances is not only an expression of faith but also an agency to integrate their sense of belongingness to their island.Furthermore, it is revealed that the idea of deities of Hateruma people is closely linked with the locality of a certain land and space. Their deities are not embodied by an animal or a plant not similarly as Ainu deities are, but are shown by the very practice of offering water. The idea of deities is thus related with the ecology of cultivation, while Ainu idea of deities with the ecology of hunting and gathering. Less