A Study on the Legal Punishment on Nazi War Criminals in Occupied Germany

在本研究中，我分析了二战期间德国战犯刑罚的决策过程，从而明确了战后立即审判司法起诉的历史意义。盟国的外交和军事部门，特别是英美的外交和军事部门，是我分析的对象。第一年我在伦敦的公共记录办公室收集了适当的材料，第二年在华盛顿特区的国家档案馆，然后对它们进行分析。同样在第三年，我收集了第二手资料。在项目期间，我在《校报》上发表了六篇专著，通过这些专著，我得出了以下结论：1)第一次世界大战后对前凯撒和其他德国军官的起诉失败对下一次世界大战的政策制定产生了负面影响；2)英美外交官和官员在第二次世界大战第一阶段对纳粹战犯的惩罚表现出漠不关心；3)这一政策在英国从未改变，但在美国却改变了。4)这一变化是由陆军部部长史汀生和助理陆军部部长麦克洛伊以及陆军部的其他工作人员促成的；5)这些美国军官试图改变英国同行的政策；6)在这个过程中，阴谋论和反人类罪被发明出来。在这个分析中，我并不是指改变对美国政策制定过程的解释，而是相对于惩罚战争罪犯因危害和平罪的重要性，并强调阴谋论和危害人类罪的重要性。至此，我的作品在纽伦堡审判与东京审判的对比分析中呈现出新的视角。

In this research I analysed the policy-making process of the punishment on German war criminals during World War II, thus making clear the historical meaning of the justiciary prosecution through trials immediately after the war. The diplomatic and military branches of the Allied Countries, especially those of Britain and America were the target of my analysis. I collected the appropriate materials at the Public Record Office in London in the first year, and at the National Archives in Washington D.C.in the second year, then analyzed them. Also in the third year I collected the secondary sources.During the term of project I wrote six monographs in the Bulletin of the University, through which I draw conclusions as follows : 1)the failure of prosecution of ex-Kaiser and other German officers after the World War I had a negative influence upon the policy making during the next world war, 2)both British and American diplomats and officials displayed indifference towards the punishment on the Nazi war criminals in the first stage of the second world war, 3)this policy never changed in Britain, but did in America, 4)this change was brought about by the Secretary of War H.Stimson and Assistant Secretary of War J.McCloy and other staff of the War Office, 5)this American officers tried to make a change of the policy of the counterpart in Britain, 6)in that process the conspiracy theory and the Crimes against Humanity were invented.In this analysis I do not mean the change of the interpretation of the policy making process in the US, but would rather relativise the importance of punishing war criminals owing to the Crimes against Peace, and emphasise the importance of conspiracy theory and the Crimes against Humanity. At this point my works showed the new viewpoint in the comparative analysis between the trials in Nuremberg and in Tokyo.