A Study on the Legal Punishment on Nazi War Criminals in Occupied Germany

在本研究中，我分析了二战期间惩罚德国战犯的政策制定过程，从而明确了战后立即通过审判起诉的历史意义。盟国的外交和军事部门，特别是英美两国的外交和军事部门是我分析的对象。第一年，我在伦敦的公共记录办公室收集了适当的材料，第二年在华盛顿的国家档案馆收集了适当的材料，然后进行了分析。也是在第三年，我收集了二手资料。在项目的任期内，我在《大学公报》上写了六本专著，通过这些专著，我得出了以下结论：1)第一次世界大战后对前凯撒和其他德国军官的起诉失败对第二次世界大战期间的政策制定产生了负面影响；2)英美外交官和官员都对二战第一阶段惩罚纳粹战犯表现出漠不关心；3)这一政策在英国从未改变，但在美国却改变了。4)这一变化是由战争部长H·斯廷森和战争助理部长J·麦克洛伊以及其他战争办公室工作人员带来的，5)这位美国军官试图改变英国同行的政策，6)在这个过程中，阴谋论和反人类罪应运而生。在这一分析中，我并不是指美国对政策制定过程的解释的变化，而是相对地强调了由于危害和平罪而惩罚战犯的重要性，并强调了阴谋论和反人类罪的重要性。在这一点上，我的作品在纽伦堡和东京的审判比较分析中显示了新的观点。

In this research I analysed the policy-making process of the punishment on German war criminals during World War II, thus making clear the historical meaning of the justiciary prosecution through trials immediately after the war. The diplomatic and military branches of the Allied Countries, especially those of Britain and America were the target of my analysis. I collected the appropriate materials at the Public Record Office in London in the first year, and at the National Archives in Washington D.C.in the second year, then analyzed them. Also in the third year I collected the secondary sources.During the term of project I wrote six monographs in the Bulletin of the University, through which I draw conclusions as follows : 1)the failure of prosecution of ex-Kaiser and other German officers after the World War I had a negative influence upon the policy making during the next world war, 2)both British and American diplomats and officials displayed indifference towards the punishment on the Nazi war criminals in the first stage of the second world war, 3)this policy never changed in Britain, but did in America, 4)this change was brought about by the Secretary of War H.Stimson and Assistant Secretary of War J.McCloy and other staff of the War Office, 5)this American officers tried to make a change of the policy of the counterpart in Britain, 6)in that process the conspiracy theory and the Crimes against Humanity were invented.In this analysis I do not mean the change of the interpretation of the policy making process in the US, but would rather relativise the importance of punishing war criminals owing to the Crimes against Peace, and emphasise the importance of conspiracy theory and the Crimes against Humanity. At this point my works showed the new viewpoint in the comparative analysis between the trials in Nuremberg and in Tokyo.