Die Stellung der Dichterin Anna Louisa Karsch in der Geschichte der deutschen Schriftstellerinnen

安娜·路易莎·卡什的狄希特林在德国小说历史中的命运

• 批准号: 14510586
• 负责人: SATO Masaki
• 金额: $ 1.15万
• 依托单位: HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14510586/
• 关键词: German Literature; the Enlightment; Anna Louisa Karsch; women's history; the 18th Century; genius cult; history of education; Johann Georg Sulzer; カルシュ; 個人主義; 詩; 自伝; 自然

A.L.Karsch[in] (1722-92) survived in Silesia her extremely poor girlhood days as a nursemaid, a cowherd girl, and a maid of all works, and also two-time married lives with her rough and vulgar husbands, and ten sie became finally a woman poet in Berlin.1.Why could our poet publish her 》Auserlesene Gedichte《 (1763) which recorded the maximum sales as one book throughout the whole 18th century, although she wasn't blessed with any school educations as one of the most important media of the Enlightment programs-one should become independent and come of age, in Kant's word, by having courage to use his own reason all by himself-, and also she could acquire neither german orthography nor punctuation, to say nothing of literary techniques (arts)? In short, why could she be the first independent woman writer in the German-speaking area?2 Where should Karsch find her place from a view of women's history? The strategy she used, whether by accident or design, in order to overcome or dodge her di … More sadvantageous conditions that she had hardly any necessary professional, i.e.literary practice, far from it, she could never get any formal school educations-the strategy was the assertion that she was a child of nature whose genius, a gift of nature or God was never damaged by any artificial educations. According to Sulzer, one of her benefactors whan she owed her success, a genius creates through enthusiasm, feelings, emotion, and sentimentality. Karsch as well as cultured arid educated men around her also utilized on die one hand such a trend in the arts of the period for her life and career. Frederic II on the other hand was her liberator in double meaning : the king first as a legislator for divorce in Silesia conquered by Prussia liberated her from the yoke of matrimony-Karsch was die first divorced woman in Silesian common people-and secondly from her dire poverty, for Frederic and his victories gave her always promising literary materials. Karsch as a child of nature, a child prodigy provided with genius and full feelings, and also as a patriotic poet for Prussia could keep happy and proud of her honourable life.Karsch who came from the in reality illiterate social class and could be therefore hardly draw into the Enliglitment programm, so to speak, gave it up already very soon and changed from it to die genius cult with emphasis on feelings, enthusiasm, sentments etc set up as an antithesis to the Enlightment as well as into die Patriotism widi die Frederic cult, so diat Karsch could finally make an unprecedented brilliant career from the social bottom to die honour and respect as Friedrichs Volksdichterin (E.Hausmann). Less

A.L.Karsch[in]（1722-92）在西里西亚度过了极其贫穷的少女时代，当过保姆、牧童、女仆，以及与粗俗粗俗的丈夫的两次婚姻生活，十岁最终成为柏林的女诗人。 1.为什么我们的诗人能够出版她的《Auserlesene Gedichte》（1763），该书创下了整个时期单书销量最高的记录。 18世纪，尽管她没有受过作为启蒙运动最重要媒介之一的学校教育——用康德的话说，一个人应该通过有勇气独自运用自己的理性来独立并成熟——而且她既无法获得德语正字法，也无法掌握标点符号，更不用说文学技巧（艺术）了？简而言之，她为何能成为德语区第一位独立女作家？2 从女性历史的角度来看，卡什应该在哪里找到自己的位置？她使用的策略，无论是偶然的还是有意的，都是为了克服或躲避她的不利条件，即她几乎没有任何必要的专业，即文学实践，远非如此，她永远无法接受任何正规的学校教育——该策略是断言她是一个自然之子，她的天才，自然或上帝的礼物从未被任何人工教育所损害。她的成功归功于她的恩人之一苏尔泽，据她所说，天才是通过热情、感情、情感和感伤来创造的。卡什以及她周围有教养、受过教育的男人也一方面将这一时期的艺术潮流运用到她的生活和事业中。另一方面，腓特烈二世是她的解放者，具有双重意义：首先，国王作为被普鲁士征服的西里西亚的离婚立法者，将她从婚姻的枷锁中解放出来——卡什是西里西亚平民中第一个离婚的女人——其次，从她的赤贫中解放出来，因为腓特烈二世和他的胜利为她提供了总是有前途的文学素材。卡什作为一个自然之子，一个具有天才和丰富感情的神童，同时也是一个普鲁士的爱国诗人，可以为自己光荣的生活感到高兴和自豪。卡什出身于现实中的文盲社会阶层，因此很难被纳入启蒙纲领，可以说，很快就放弃了它，并从它转变为强调情感、热情、情感等的天才崇拜，并以此作为对立面。 启蒙运动以及弗里德里希崇拜中的爱国主义，使卡什终于可以从社会底层做出前所未有的辉煌事业，以弗里德里希·豪斯曼（E.Hausmann）的身份获得荣誉和尊重。较少的