Die Stellung der Dichterin Anna Louisa Karsch in der Geschichte der deutschen Schriftstellerinnen

卡尔施（A.L.Karsch，1722- 1792）在西里西亚度过了极其贫穷的少女时代，当过保姆、放牛女和各种工作的女仆，也曾与粗鲁粗俗的丈夫结过两次婚，1.1763年，我们的诗人为什么能出版她的《奥瑟莱塞内·格哈特》？这本书是整个世纪销量最高的一本书，尽管她没有受过任何学校教育，作为启蒙运动最重要的媒介之一--用康德的话来说，一个人应该变得独立和成熟，他有勇气独自运用自己的理性，而且她既不能学会德语正字法，也不能学会标点符号，更不用说文学技巧了。简而言之，她为什么能成为德语区第一位独立的女作家？2.从女性历史的角度来看，卡尔施应该在哪里找到自己的位置？她所使用的策略，无论是偶然的还是设计，为了克服或躲避她的死亡， ...更多信息 她几乎没有任何必要的专业，即文学实践，远离它，她永远不能得到任何正规的学校教育的战略是断言，她是一个孩子的性质的天才，自然或上帝的礼物从来没有受到任何人为的教育。根据她的成功归功于她的恩人之一苏尔寿的说法，天才通过热情、感情、情感和多愁善感来创造。卡尔施以及她周围的有教养和受过教育的人也利用了一方面在她的生活和事业的时期艺术的这种趋势。另一方面，腓特烈二世则是她的解放者，具有双重意义：国王首先作为被普鲁士征服的西里西亚的离婚立法者，将她从婚姻的枷锁中解放出来--卡尔施是西里西亚平民中第一个离婚的女人--其次是从她的赤贫中解放出来，因为腓特烈和他的胜利给了她总是有前途的文学材料。卡尔施作为一个自然的孩子，一个天才和充满感情的神童，也是普鲁士的爱国诗人，可以为她的光荣生活保持快乐和自豪。卡尔施来自实际上文盲的社会阶层，因此很难被吸引到英国计划中，可以这么说，很快就放弃了它，并从它变成了强调感情，热情的天才崇拜，因此，卡尔施最终得以从社会底层开始，以弗里德里希·豪斯曼（Friedrichs Volksweetterin）的身份获得荣誉和尊重，从而开创了一段前所未有的辉煌事业。少

A.L.Karsch[in] (1722-92) survived in Silesia her extremely poor girlhood days as a nursemaid, a cowherd girl, and a maid of all works, and also two-time married lives with her rough and vulgar husbands, and ten sie became finally a woman poet in Berlin.1.Why could our poet publish her 》Auserlesene Gedichte《 (1763) which recorded the maximum sales as one book throughout the whole 18th century, although she wasn't blessed with any school educations as one of the most important media of the Enlightment programs-one should become independent and come of age, in Kant's word, by having courage to use his own reason all by himself-, and also she could acquire neither german orthography nor punctuation, to say nothing of literary techniques (arts)? In short, why could she be the first independent woman writer in the German-speaking area?2 Where should Karsch find her place from a view of women's history? The strategy she used, whether by accident or design, in order to overcome or dodge her di … More sadvantageous conditions that she had hardly any necessary professional, i.e.literary practice, far from it, she could never get any formal school educations-the strategy was the assertion that she was a child of nature whose genius, a gift of nature or God was never damaged by any artificial educations. According to Sulzer, one of her benefactors whan she owed her success, a genius creates through enthusiasm, feelings, emotion, and sentimentality. Karsch as well as cultured arid educated men around her also utilized on die one hand such a trend in the arts of the period for her life and career. Frederic II on the other hand was her liberator in double meaning : the king first as a legislator for divorce in Silesia conquered by Prussia liberated her from the yoke of matrimony-Karsch was die first divorced woman in Silesian common people-and secondly from her dire poverty, for Frederic and his victories gave her always promising literary materials. Karsch as a child of nature, a child prodigy provided with genius and full feelings, and also as a patriotic poet for Prussia could keep happy and proud of her honourable life.Karsch who came from the in reality illiterate social class and could be therefore hardly draw into the Enliglitment programm, so to speak, gave it up already very soon and changed from it to die genius cult with emphasis on feelings, enthusiasm, sentments etc set up as an antithesis to the Enlightment as well as into die Patriotism widi die Frederic cult, so diat Karsch could finally make an unprecedented brilliant career from the social bottom to die honour and respect as Friedrichs Volksdichterin (E.Hausmann). Less