An analysis of the formation of Welsh national identities represented in the 19^<th> century Welsh travel disoourses and eisteddfodau poetry

我们从威尔士国家图书馆的档案中收集资料，如19世纪出版的与威尔士国家和地形图像有关的文本、图片、地图；诗歌和演讲在他的演讲；以及来自英国图文媒体的有关威尔士的图文新闻。我们还通过热爱这些路线，对威尔士的热门旅游线路进行了摄影记录。以下是我们通过研究得到的考虑：1。在18世纪下半叶，一些受过教育的英国人在“古不列颠人”中寻找新统一的不列颠的文化起源，并领导了英国复兴运动，这实际上意味着振兴威尔士的传统文化。不仅是英国的文人，伦敦的威尔士人和居住在威尔士的威尔士中上层也参与了这场运动。这使得人们发现威尔士的山地风光是英国风景的典型代表，从而在18世纪后期掀起了威尔士旅游的热潮。为了组织威尔士的现代诗歌比赛，该协会也重新成立了。在这一时期，威尔士人的形象代表了英国“光荣而神秘的过去”，以德鲁伊教、吟游诗人和壮丽或风景如画的威尔士风景为代表。然而，在19世纪，交通基础设施得到了发展，例如贯穿英国的铁路网的建立，因此威尔士成为了一个容易到达的大众旅游目的地。与此同时，工业化的维多利亚时代的英格兰开始把她的怀旧目光投向前工业化的传统社区。在这种情况下，熟悉的威尔士吸引了英国游客，他们在那里发现了世外桃源，那里无辜的人们平静地生活着。19世纪中叶，臭名昭著的蓝皮书出版了。这是一份由英国政府检查员撰写的报告，他们谴责威尔士不仅是一个不发达的国家，而且由于使用威尔士语，威尔士在道德、教育和文化上都处于退化状态。这本书激起了威尔士人的民族主义他们试图构建威尔士人的形象他们出生在山腰，但自学成才，有足够的文化来创作传统的吟游诗，有高度发展的道德感和礼貌行为。这种“受人尊敬的威尔士人”的自我形象通过工人阶级的诗歌和男声唱诗班表现出来，这些诗歌和男声唱诗班在19世纪末的国家剧院演出，目的是宣传威尔士人与英格兰邻居一样好，能够作为忠诚的公民为英国的进步做出贡献。少

We collected from the archives of the Welsh National Library materials such as texts, pictures, maps published in the 19^<th> century related to Welsh national and topographical images ; poetry and speeches produced at eisteddfodaw ; and illustrated news concerning Wales from English graphic media. We also made photographical reoord of popular Welsh tours by actually eloring these routes.The following are the consideration gained through our research :1.During the second half of the 18^<th> century, some of the educated English sought the cultural origin of the newly united Britain in the "ancient Britons", and led the British Revival, which actually meant to revitalize Welsh traditional cultures. Not only the English literati, but also the London Welsh and the upper & middle class Welsh resided in Wales were involved in this movement. It led to the discovery of mountainous Welsh scenery as the icon of the prototype of British landscapes, which invited the boom of Welsh tours at the en … More d of the 18^<th> century. The eisteddfod was also reestablished to organize modern bardic competitions in Wales. The image of Welshness at this period designated "the glorious and mysterious past" of Britain, represented by druids, bards, and sublime or picturesque Welsh scenery.2.The 19^<th> century however, saw the development of traffic infrastructure such as the establishment of the railroad network through Britain, as a result of which Wales became an easily accessible destination for mass tourism. At the same time the industrial Victorian England started to send her nostalgic gaze towards the pre-industirialised traditional community Under these circumstances, the familialised Wales attracted English tourists who found there the arcadia where the innocent folk lived peacefully.3.At the middle of the 19^<th> century, the notorious Blue Book was published. It was a report made by English governmental inspectors who condemned that Wales was a not only underdeveloped, but a morally, educationally and culturally degraded country due to the use of the Welsh language. The book provoked the nationalism on the part of the Welsh and they tried to construct the image of the Welsh folk who were born in mountainsides, but self-educated and much cultured enough to compose traditional bardic poems, and had a highly developed sense of moral and polite behaviours. This self-image of the "respectable Welsh folk" was represented through poems and male-choirs by the working-class, which were performed at national eisteddfodau in the late 19^<th> century in order to publicise that the Welsh are as good as the English neighbours, and are able to contribute to the progress of the Britain as her faithful citizens. Less