An analysis of the formation of Welsh national identities represented in the 19^<th> century Welsh travel disoourses and eisteddfodau poetry

我们从威尔士国家图书馆的档案中收集了19^世纪出版的<th>与威尔士国家和地形图像有关的文本、图片、地图等材料;在eisteddfodaw制作的诗歌和演讲;以及来自英语图形媒体的有关威尔士的插图新闻。通过对这些路线的实地考察，我们对威尔士的图尔斯旅游进行了摄影记录，并得出以下几点思考：1、18世纪后半叶<th>，一部分受过教育的英国人在“古不列颠人”身上寻找新统一的英国的文化根源，并领导了复兴威尔士传统文化的英国复兴运动。参与这场运动的不仅有英国的文人，还有伦敦的威尔士人和居住在威尔士的中上层威尔士人。它导致了威尔士山区风景作为英国风景原型的标志的发现，这邀请了威尔士图尔斯旅游的繁荣。 关于我们 18^世纪的d<th>。Eisteddfod也被重建，以组织威尔士的现代吟游诗人比赛。这一时期威尔士人的形象是指英国“辉煌而神秘的过去”，以德鲁伊教、吟游诗人和壮丽或风景如画的威尔士风景为代表。<th>然而，19世纪，交通基础设施的发展，如贯穿英国的铁路网的建立，使威尔士成为一个容易到达的大众旅游目的地。在这种情况下，熟悉的威尔士吸引了英国游客，他们在那里发现了世外桃源，天真的人们在那里和平地生活。3.在19^世纪中期<th>，臭名昭著的蓝皮书出版了。这是一份由英国政府检查员撰写的报告，他们谴责威尔士不仅是一个不发达的国家，而且由于使用威尔士语，在道德、教育和文化上都是一个退化的国家。这本书激起了威尔士人的民族主义情绪，他们试图塑造一个威尔士人的形象，他们出生在山坡上，但自学成才，有足够的文化来创作传统的吟游诗人诗歌，并有高度发展的道德感和礼貌行为。这种“受人尊敬的威尔士人”的自我形象是通过工人阶级的诗歌和男性合唱团来表现的，这些诗歌和合唱团在19世纪后期在国家艺术剧院演出<th>，以宣传威尔士人和英格兰邻居一样好，并且能够作为她的忠实公民为英国的进步做出贡献。少

We collected from the archives of the Welsh National Library materials such as texts, pictures, maps published in the 19^<th> century related to Welsh national and topographical images ; poetry and speeches produced at eisteddfodaw ; and illustrated news concerning Wales from English graphic media. We also made photographical reoord of popular Welsh tours by actually eloring these routes.The following are the consideration gained through our research :1.During the second half of the 18^<th> century, some of the educated English sought the cultural origin of the newly united Britain in the "ancient Britons", and led the British Revival, which actually meant to revitalize Welsh traditional cultures. Not only the English literati, but also the London Welsh and the upper & middle class Welsh resided in Wales were involved in this movement. It led to the discovery of mountainous Welsh scenery as the icon of the prototype of British landscapes, which invited the boom of Welsh tours at the en … More d of the 18^<th> century. The eisteddfod was also reestablished to organize modern bardic competitions in Wales. The image of Welshness at this period designated "the glorious and mysterious past" of Britain, represented by druids, bards, and sublime or picturesque Welsh scenery.2.The 19^<th> century however, saw the development of traffic infrastructure such as the establishment of the railroad network through Britain, as a result of which Wales became an easily accessible destination for mass tourism. At the same time the industrial Victorian England started to send her nostalgic gaze towards the pre-industirialised traditional community Under these circumstances, the familialised Wales attracted English tourists who found there the arcadia where the innocent folk lived peacefully.3.At the middle of the 19^<th> century, the notorious Blue Book was published. It was a report made by English governmental inspectors who condemned that Wales was a not only underdeveloped, but a morally, educationally and culturally degraded country due to the use of the Welsh language. The book provoked the nationalism on the part of the Welsh and they tried to construct the image of the Welsh folk who were born in mountainsides, but self-educated and much cultured enough to compose traditional bardic poems, and had a highly developed sense of moral and polite behaviours. This self-image of the "respectable Welsh folk" was represented through poems and male-choirs by the working-class, which were performed at national eisteddfodau in the late 19^<th> century in order to publicise that the Welsh are as good as the English neighbours, and are able to contribute to the progress of the Britain as her faithful citizens. Less