A Quantitative Research of Small Public Organizations : Size, Task Environment, and Organizational Structure of Municipalities.

我们对文献进行了全面的回顾，发现除了一些定性研究外，日本并没有开展关于小型市政组织的研究，尽管有一些关于大城市的项目。这个项目从以前关于私营营利组织的组织研究中引出了一些适用于小城市的假设。一系列的案例研究发现，在小型市政组织中，各种各样的任务被分配并在一个小单位中执行，有时在效率方面取得了良好的效果。此外，一些市政当局战略性地将一对任务组合在一起，这些任务在通常情况下是由两个不同的子单元实现的，特别是在大型组织中。通过定量分析，我们对一些假设进行了检验，发现小城市规模与亚单位分化之间存在相关性，而环境不确定性与组织结构之间没有相关性。

Our thorough literature review revealed that research concerning small municipal organizations was not conduced in Japan except some qualitative studies, though several projects concerning large cities were conducted. This project elicited some hypotheses applicable to small municipalities from preceding organizational studies on private for-profit organizations.A series of case studies discovered that variety of tasks were assigned and carried out in a single subunit in small municipal organizations, which sometimes caused good results in terms of effectiveness. In addition, some municipality strategically combined a pair of tasks that would have been implemented by two differentiated subunits in ordinary cases, especially in large organizations.Through quantitative analysis, we tested some hypotheses and found that there was correlation between size of small municipality and differentiation of subunits, and that there was no correlation between environmental uncertainty and organizational structure.