A Theoretical and Empirical Study on Global SCM

本研究的主题是探讨全球供应链管理的现状、任务以及绩效。本研究通过定量分析（问卷调查）和定性分析（访谈研究）得出结论。研究结果发现，所有实施全球供应链管理的企业都或多或少地取得了一定的绩效，但绩效并不是直线上升的，也不是在短时间内就能出现的，全球供应链管理的成功是有一定条件的。其中，特别是高层管理者的领导，与批发商和零售商的联盟（高精度的需求预测），与供应商的合作（灵活的采购系统），以及响应BTO（按订单生产）的高效制造系统非常重要。成功的全球供应链管理公司满足这四个条件。从“延迟与投机理论”的角度看，他们从投机转向延迟，从而能够快速准确地响应不断变化的需求。成功企业的业绩表现，如提前期缩短、库存减少、缺货率下降等，在短期内会有显著的提高。然而，提前期的缩短受到物流时间的限制，过多的库存减少会损害企业的灵活性。缺货率可能会受到制造商和分销商之间的联盟的影响。即使对于国内的供应链管理来说，这些问题也是非常坚韧的，而对于全球供应链管理来说，由于多种原因，这些问题要复杂得多。全球供应链管理的绩效将走上一条曲折的道路。本文将对这些问题进行深入的研究，找出全球供应链管理成功的条件。

Main Theme of this study is to investigate the status quo and tasks of global SCM (Supply Chain Management) as well as the performance of that. This study has found that out by quantitative analysis (questionnaire research) and quality analysis (interview research). The result uncovered that all corporations introducing global SCM got more or less a certain performance, but that the performance did not increase on the straight, and that it did not always appear in the short time.There are some conditions for success of global SCM. Out of those, especially leadership of top management, alliance with wholesaler and retailer (demand forecast with high accuracy), affiance with supplier (flexible procurement system), and efficient manufacturing system to respond BTO (Build to Order) are really important. Successful corporations for global SCM meet those four conditions. From the viewpoint of "Postponement and Speculation Theory", they shifted from Speculation to Postponement, as a result they could quickly and exactly respond to changeable demand. Top management must show his/her strong belief and leadership until the performance appears.The performance such as lead-time shortening, inventory reduction, and stock-out rate lowering temporally but considerably increase in the successful corporations. Lead-time shortening, however, is restricted by logistics time, and too much reduced inventory damage the ftexibility. Stock-out rate may be affected by alliance between manufacturer and distributor. They are very tough problems even if for domestic SCM, and much more complex for several reasons in case of global SCM. The performance of global SCM will walk on a tortuous way. I will study more on those problems, and will find out successful conditions of global SCM.