Research on growth strategy of top enterprises in Chinese industries of electric home appliances, personal computer and automobile.

本文以正在成为“世界工厂”的中国制造业为背景，运用企业战略理论的框架，比较分析了中国最具代表性的以大规模生产为目标进入汽车行业和家电行业的高级制造企业在竞争积累方面取得的成绩和存在的问题。同时，本文分析了随着全球化和中国加入WTO，中国制造业的动态变化和企业的发展趋势。从国际比较来看，尽管中国汽车制造商和家电制造商都在50年代中期出现，但直到70年代中期，汽车制造商的生产规模和技术水平都远远领先于家电制造商。此后，从20世纪70年代末改革开放到现在，经过20多年的发展，在得到产业保护和政府更多的政策支持的同时，两大产业的竞争力发生了逆转，出现了较大的差异。基于上述认识，本研究的关注点如下。加入WTO后，中国汽车和家电企业的竞争力究竟产生了怎样的差异？造成差异的因素有哪些？具体来说，在当前政府产业政策等外部环境因素的影响下，各行业的内部竞争程度与各龙头厂商的战略构建过程之间存在怎样的关系？综上所述，外部环境因素的差异、各行业内部竞争程度的差异以及各排名靠前厂商战略构建过程的差异，分别造成了排名靠前厂商业绩重心从政策向市场调整的时间差和竞争力的差异。首先，中国汽车制造商竞争力的积累受到80年代后半期中央政府严格的准入限制和竞争排斥政策的强烈限制，特别是当需求开始从卡车转向乘用车时。相比之下，由于80年代后半期大量的新进入者和大规模生产能力的引入，家电生产已经从卖方市场转向买方市场，政府政策对家电制造商的直接干预几乎成为不可能。此外，由于主要的国有汽车制造商虽然占据了行业的中心地位，但始终无法摆脱对政府政策和计划投资的依赖，因此其防范市场环境变化的竞争力建设也相对滞后。相反，在没有政府初期计划投资预期的情况下，大多数民营家电企业的竞争力在应对市场需求的过程中稳步增强，在激烈的国内市场竞争中跻身行业前列，乘着市场经济的浪潮。少

This paper compared and analyzed the achievements and issues of the competitive accumulation of Chinese most representative high-ranking manufacturers which entered the automotive sector and electric home appliances industries aiming at the establishment of mass production, by taking up the Chinese manufacturing that was becoming "Workshop of the world" and applying the frame of the corporate strategy theory. Meanwhile, this paper analyzes the dynamic changes of the Chinese manufacturing and the development tendency of enterprises along with the globalization and China's joining the WTO.Based on the international comparison, the automakers' production scale and technological level considerably advanced than appliance makers until the middle of 70's, though the Chinese automakers and home appliance makers showed up both in the middle of 50's. Afterwards, the competitiveness of both industries is reversed and a big difference has appeared while both receiving the industrial protection an … More d policy support of the government through 20 years development between the opening reform at the end of 1970's and current days.Based on the above-mentioned recognition, the concerning of this research is as follows. How the actual difference of the competitiveness caused between the Chinese automobile and electric home appliance makers along with the entry into the WTO, and what are the factors? Concretely, along with the outside environmental factors such as the industrial policies of the current government, what kind of relationship exit between the degrees of the internal competition of each industry and the process of the strategy construction of each high-ranking manufacturer?In conclusion, it was clarified that the difference among the outside environment factors, degree of the competition within each industry and the process of the strategy construction of each high-ranking manufacturer caused respectively the time difference for the adjustment from the policy to the market of the performance gravity among high-ranking manufacturers and the difference of competitiveness. First of all, the accumulation of competitiveness of the Chinese automakers was strongly restricted by a severe entry limitation and the competing exclusion policy of the central government that had been executed in the latter half of 80's especially when demand began to shift from truck to passenger car. On the contrast, the direct intervention of the government policy to home appliance makers almost became impossible because the production of home appliance had converted from the seller's market to the buyer's market due to a lot of new entries and the introduction of the mass production ability in the latter half of 80's. Moreover, the construction of the competitiveness of which it took precautions against the change in the market environment lagged behind greatly because major government-owned automakers were not able to get rid of the dependence of the government policy and the plan investment from beginning to end though they occupied the center position of the industry. On the contrast, without the expectation of the plan investment of the government at the time of beginning, the competitiveness of most of non government-owned home appliance makers has strengthened in answer to the market needs with steady steps, going up to the high rank of the industry and riding on the wave of the market economy by a severe domestic market competition. Less