Functional analysis of food web of pelagic plankton communities

利用优势种信息分析生态系统的结构和功能，需要现有的认识，以评估其有效性，利用整个物种的信息在给定的生态系统。因此，本研究是在热带、亚热带和亚北极地区的浮游生物生态系统中进行的，由于水生生态系统在相当小的尺度上具有良好的同质性，因此可能比其他类型的生态系统更容易对物种、生物量和营养关系进行必要的数据采样。在此基础上，对各群落浮游生物种类和生物量数据进行全面采集，构建食物网结构。数据可以在同时具有自养和异养过程的上层海洋群落或仅具有异养过程的中深海群落中进行综合。根据在热带、亚热带和亚北极浮游生物生态系统中收集到的物种及其生物量信息，根据每个分类类群中每个功能类群的个体大小差异，将所有物种及其生物量划分在不同的隔间中。根据“体型较小的生物总是被体型较大的生物吃掉”的生态作用，构建了食物网。这种类型的食物网结构是本研究最初提出的，表明浮游生物群落的功能是由物种、个体大小、生物量和食物链关系决定的，而不是目前基于优势种的分析。海洋中深层群落缺乏初级生产者，完全受异养过程控制，异养过程以种类、大小和各生物量的形式合成，但其食物网的分析仍有待进一步研究。

Current understanding of structure and function of ecosystem analyzed by use of information on dominant species is needed for its evaluation of validity by use of information of entire species in a given ecosystem.The present research was then conducted in pelagic plankton ecosystems in tropical, sub-tropical and sub-arctic regions where necessary data sampling on species, biomass and trophic relations is probably easier than the other types of ecosystems because of excellent homogeneity in rather small scale in aquatic ecosystem. Then data on species and biomass of plankton in each community were challenged to entirely collected, and constructed the food web structure. Data were synthesized either in epi-pelagic community having both autotrophic and heterotrophic processes or middle and deep depths having only heterotrophic processes.Based upon information on species and its biomass collected in tropical, subtropical and subarctic epi-pelagic plankton ecosystems, all species and its biomass were grouped in different compartments based upon individual size differences in each functional group for each taxonomic group. Food web was then constructed according to the ecological role of "the smaller size organisms are always eaten by the larger size organisms". This type of food web structure has been originally proposed in this study, and has shown that plankton community is functioning by species, individual size, biomass and food chain relationship which is not shown in the current analysis based upon dominant species.Middle and deep depth communities in the ocean lack primary producer and is solely controlled by heterotrophic processes, which have been synthesized in the form of species, sizes and each biomass, but its food web analysis has been postponed in the future.