权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Synthesis of silica/extractant hybrid membranes by sol-gel methods and the highly selective active-transport of precious metals.

溶胶-凝胶法合成二氧化硅/萃取剂杂化膜和贵金属的高选择性主动传输。

基本信息

批准号：
14550751
负责人：
BABA Yoshinari
金额：
$ 1.86万
依托单位：
University of Miyazaki
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Four kinds of selective extractants for precious metals were synthesized to apply these extractants to the separation system using silica/extractant hybrid membranes. These extractants are ones containing a thiourea group and a thioether or an aniline group and a thioether or an aniline and an amido group or a thioether and an acidic group or an oxime group and an acidic group. First, the selectivity for precious metals such as silver (I), palladium (II), gold (III), platinum (IV) over base metals such as copper (II), nickel (II), cobalt (II), cadmium (II), lead (II), zinc (II), and iron (III) was examined using these extractants. The extractants showed the high selectivity for precious metals. The precious metals extracted with these extractants exhibited the good stripping with hydrochloric acid, aqueous thiourea solutions, and the mixture solutions of thiourea and hydrochloric acid. Thus, these extractants were found to be suitable for the membrane separation system that carries out extraction and stripping on the both sides of the membrane. The silica/extaractant hybrid membranes were prepared by some preparation methods with alkoxysilane derivatives or polysiloxisane as a membrane material and the extractants synthesized in this study. The adsorption and desorption of precious metals on the membrane were examined using the stripping reagents mentioned above. The active transport of copper (II) was able to realize effectively using the hybrid membrane containing the oxime-type extractant. We also was able to realize the active-transport of palladium (II) with this hybrid membrane, but we needed much time for the active-transport. We have many problems, the composition and starting materials of the membrane, and the kinds of extractants and stripping reagents, to solve for separation and recovery of precious metals using the hybrid membrane.

合成了4种贵金属选择性萃取剂，并将其应用于硅胶/萃取剂杂化膜分离体系。这些萃取剂是含有硫脲基和硫醚或苯胺基和硫醚或苯胺和酰胺基或硫醚和酸性基团或肟基和酸性基团的萃取剂。首先，使用这些萃取剂考察贵金属如银（I）、钯（II）、金（III）、铂（IV）相对于贱金属如铜（II）、镍（II）、钴（II）、镉（II）、铅（II）、锌（II）和铁（III）的选择性。萃取剂对贵金属具有很高的选择性。用盐酸、硫脲水溶液、硫脲与盐酸的混合溶液对贵金属进行反萃，结果表明，这些萃取剂对贵金属的反萃效果较好。因此，发现这些萃取剂适用于在膜的两侧进行萃取和汽提的膜分离系统。以烷氧基硅烷衍生物或聚偏二硅氧烷为膜材料，采用本研究合成的萃取剂，通过多种制备方法制备了SiO2/萃取剂杂化膜。用上述反萃剂考察了贵金属在膜上的吸附和脱附。采用含肟类萃取剂的杂化膜，能够有效地实现铜离子的主动迁移。我们也能够实现钯（II）的主动运输与此杂化膜，但我们需要很多的主动运输的时间。我们有许多问题，膜的组成和起始材料，以及萃取剂和反萃剂的种类，以解决使用杂化膜分离和回收贵金属。