Establishment of the Modern Land System in East Asia and its Socio-Economic Significances

在中国国家图书馆（北京）、四川省档案馆、福建省档案馆、台湾史学研究所（台湾）、中央研究院近代史研究所（台湾）、蒙古国家档案馆（乌兰巴托）、香港科技大学华南研究中心、一桥大学图书馆、经济研究所（一桥大学）、国会图书馆（京都）进行档案研究。东京大学东方文化研究所，等等，这个项目的参与者阐明了现代东亚土地制度的以下特点及其问题。(1) 20世纪上半叶，为了建立“现代”土地制度，东北（满洲）、内蒙古东部、台湾以及上海等城市的地方政府和市政当局试图对每一块土地的所有权进行核实。我们审查了这些……在这些地区进行了更多的财产核查以及在那里颁发的财产所有权的内容。(2)清廷、王公、封臣、蒙古王公和朝鲜朝廷的土地在上述时期被处置。我们的结论是，这些属性（基于社会等级的土地制度）的废除在东亚“现代”土地制度的建立中发挥了重要作用。(3)通过“现代”土地制度的建立，东亚地区的房产开始在市场上自由交易。为了获得土地，大量的资金开始从外部流入东亚。这一发展加强了东亚内部的经济联系及其与西方世界的关系。我们将继续研究上述主题，同时扩大我们对中国共产党和国民党房地产政策的比较研究。在同一时期，双方都致力于在中国建立平等的土地制度。少

In conducting archival research at the National Library of China (Beijing), Sichuan Provincial Archives, Fujian Provincial Archives, Taiwan Historica (Taiwan), the Institute of Modern History of Academica Sinica (Taiwan), the National Archives of Mongolia (Ulan Bator), the South China Research Center of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hitotsubashi University Library, the Institute of Economic Research (Hitotsubashi University), the National Diet Library (Kyoto), and the Institute of Oriental Culture of the University of Tokyo, et cetera, the participants in this projects clarified the following characteristics of the modern East Asian land system and its problems.(1) In the first half of the 20th century, in order to establish the "modern" land system, the local governments and the municipal authorities in Northeast China (Manchuria), eastern Inner Mongolia, Taiwan and cities such as Shanghai tried to verify the title of each piece of property. We examined how these … More property verifications were performed in those areas and the contents of the property titles issued there.(2) The lands owned by the Qing court, its princes, its bannermen, Mongolian princes, and the Korean court were disposed of during the above period. We concluded that the abolition of these kinds of properties (a land system based upon social hierarchy) played an important role in establishment of the "modern" land system in East Asia.(3) Through the establishment of the "modern" land system, properties in East Asia began to be traded freely in the market. A large amount of money began to flow into East Asia from the outside for the purpose of obtaining land. This development strengthened the economic linkage within East Asia and its relationship with the western world.We will continue to study the above subjects while expanding our research comparing the property policies of Chinese Communist Party and its Nationalist Party. Both parties aimed to establish an egalitarian land system in China in the same period. Less