The longitudinal study of the effect of Internet use on social capital

虽然个人电脑和移动电话也是访问互联网的常见媒介，但人们对这些技术的使用如何与这些联系的网络特征相关联的了解较少。因此，我们探索了不同形式的计算机中介交流如何增强不同类型的社交网络。为了探索这一研究问题，我们对纵向调查进行了分析。我们对1320名成年人进行的第一次随机抽样调查是在2002年11月在日本进行的。我们的第二次调查是在2003年进行，第三次调查是在2005年3月进行，共有1002名受访者完成第一次调查。我们得到了432名受访者的数据，他们完成了这两项调查。结果显示，人们发送电脑邮件的频率更高，他们的社交网络也更多样化。另一方面，手机对增强网络多样性没有用处。这可能是因为手机不太适合连接到可能形成弱关系的网站，如聊天室和Issue-…更有针对性的网站。相比之下，研究结果表明，手机有助于与提供社会支持的人保持牢固的联系。最后，本研究还表明，手机上网并不能替代个人电脑的使用。这两种技术似乎是独立运行的，各自服务于不同的关系。结果还显示，通过PC上网的人在收集与社会和政治问题有关的信息方面最活跃，并且在政治导向的在线社区中的参与度相对较高。此外，这些在线活动有助于参与线下志愿者小组。相比之下，那些通过手机上网的人对在线政治参与的热情要低得多，尽管手机让人们有机会通过促进高水平的人际交流，与他们的个人网络保持更好的连接。这些结果意味着，如果通过个人电脑使用互联网促进了对具有不同网络的在线社区的参与，那么通过使用互联网发酵的社会信任和互惠可能会提高公民参与日常生活的水平。较少

Although PCs and mobile phones are also common media to access to the Internet, less is known about how use of these technologies may be associated with network characteristics of these ties. Thus, we explore how different forms of computer mediated communication enhance different type of social networks. To explore this research question, we analyzed the longitudinal survey. Our first random sample survey of 1,320 adults was conducted in November, 2002, in Japan. Our second survey was conducted in 2003, and third survey was conducted in March 2005 for 1002 respondents who completed the first survey. We got the data of 432 respondents who completed both surveys.The results show that more often people send PC mails they have more diverse social networks. On the other hand, mobile phones are not useful to enhance network diversity. This may be because mobile phones are not well suited to afford connections to sites where weak tie relationships may be formed, such as chat rooms and issue- … More oriented sites. In contrast, the results indicate that mobile phones are useful to maintain strong ties with people who provide social support. Finally, this study also shows that mobile phone internet use does not substitute for PC use. It would seem that these two technologies operate independently, each serving their own use for different relationship.The results also show that people who access the Internet by PC are most active at gathering information related to social and political issues, and have relatively high levels of participation in politically oriented online communities. Moreover, these online activities facilitate participation in offline volunteer groups. In contrast, those who access the Internet through mobile phones are much less enthusiastic about online political participation, though mobile phones allow people the opportunity to maintain greater connectivity with their personal networks, by facilitating high levels of interpersonal communication. These results mean that if the usage of the Internet through PCs facilitates participation in online communities with diverse networks, then social trust and reciprocity fermented through use of Internet may enhance the level of civic engagement in everyday life. Less