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Studies on the evaluation of productive traits and its efficient use in buffaloes

水牛生产性状评价及其高效利用研究

基本信息

批准号：
15380184
负责人：
KANAI Yukio
金额：
$ 9.09万
依托单位：
University of Tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15380184/
关键词：
Buffaloes Tropical animal production Utilization of local resources Meat producing potential Meat quality Lipid metabolism 食肉性日増体量飼料効率

项目摘要

It has been known that domestic buffaloes have a good adaptability to hot-humid tropical environments and can utilize coarse fodder more efficiently than cattle. This study aimed at to characterize the physiological and productive traits of buffaloes in terms of 1) thermoregulatory responses, 2) reproductive traits, 3) feed utilization and fattening performance, by comparing the traits to those of cattle with same ages and same feeding conditions. Research results obtained are as follows:1) Buffaloes show a higher body heat storage capacity and higher levels of sensitive heat dissipation than in Brahman grade cattle, and these characteristics allow the buffalo well-tolerate hot environments. (ref. 1)2) To overcome less efficient yield for embryo production by super ovulation and in vitro fertilization in buffaloes, an attempt of nuclear transfer of buffalo somatic cells to cattle oocytes has been conducted. As a result, the morphologically normal embryos at blastocyst stage, a inter-ge … More neric nuclear-transferred embryo, were successfully obtained. (ref. 2)3) Buffaloes show a superior digestibility of dry matter and more efficient feed energy utilization rates than cattle, and, if raised and fed properly at young ages (2 year old), they show a good meat-producing performance as high as beef cattle. (ref. 3, 4)4) In addition, with postmortem aging at 4℃ for 2 weeks, buffalo meat tenderization and change in pH was evaluated. The results showed that the pH decline was slower in buffalo meat and during the whole period of aging buffalo meat (roast) was more tender than beef. Presently, muscle protein degradation and protease activity, etc, are being measured to determine the cause of the higher tenderness in buffalo meat.5) From the results of low concentrations of leptin, insulin, and cholesterol in the blood of buffalo, we expected a difference in lipid metabolism between the species. Following slaughter of the animals, blood and liver samples were collected, and lipid related enzyme activity is currently being analyzed and prepared for publication.6) The reason for the delay in the analysis of meat and hepatic tissues is that due to the outbreak of foot and mouth disease, national animal quarantine is enforced and thus time was taken in order to gain permission to import prohibited products (buffalo meat). Less

众所周知，家水牛对热带湿热环境具有良好的适应性，比牛更能有效地利用粗饲料。本研究旨在通过与相同年龄、相同饲养条件下的牛进行比较，从1)体温调节反应、2)繁殖性状、3)饲料利用和育肥性能等方面对水牛的生理和生产性状进行表征。研究结果表明：1)与婆罗门级相比，水牛表现出更高的体热储能力和更高的敏感散热水平，这些特征使水牛具有较好的热环境耐受性。（参考文献1）2)为了克服水牛超排卵和体外受精产生胚胎效率较低的问题，已经进行了将水牛体细胞核移植到牛卵母细胞的尝试。结果，成功地获得了形态正常的胚泡期胚，这是一种杂交的、更有活力的核移植胚。（参考文献2）3)水牛对干物质的消化率比牛高，饲料能量利用率比牛高，如果在幼龄（2岁）饲养和饲养得当，它们的产肉性能可与肉牛媲美。（参考文献3,4）4)此外，在死后4℃陈化2周，对水牛肉的嫩化和pH值的变化进行了评估。结果表明，水牛肉的pH值下降速度较慢，在整个老化过程中，水牛肉（烤）比牛肉更嫩。目前，正在测量肌肉蛋白降解和蛋白酶活性等，以确定水牛肉中较高嫩度的原因。5)从水牛血液中瘦素、胰岛素和胆固醇浓度较低的结果来看，我们预计不同物种之间的脂质代谢存在差异。屠宰动物后，采集了血液和肝脏样本，目前正在分析脂质相关酶活性并准备发表。6)肉类和肝脏组织分析延迟的原因是由于口蹄疫爆发，国家实施动物检疫，因此需要时间才能获得进口禁止产品（水牛肉）的许可。少