An International Comparison of Relationship between Innovation in IT and Institutional Flexibility among Japan, the US, Europe, and APEC Countries

本研究的目的在于阐明资讯科技的发展与扩散与法律制度、商业实践和人们的总体偏好等制度之间的关系，并为有效的资讯科技扩散提供一些政策启示。本研究以创新理论、技术地缘政治、比较制度分析等跨学科分析为基础。本研究主要集中于(i)制度对IT （Information Technology）的反应，（ii） IT扩散与制度反应之间的共振结构，（iii）共振结构的决定。一个由信息技术和制度分析专家组成的国际网络是为执行这项研究而建立的。研究范围从日本、美国、欧盟成员国等发达国家到中国、印度、俄罗斯等发展中国家。本研究的主要政策含义如下。(1)各国机构对信息技术的反应水平存在显著差异。(2)有证据表明，只有少数国家在短期内存在信息技术扩散与制度反应之间的共振结构。IT和机构之间的相互作用可能是纵向现象。(3)机构对信息技术的反应水平的主要决定因素是对不确定性的总体态度，这种态度可以通过企业家精神水平来衡量。

The objectives of this research are to elucidate the relationship between development and diffusion of IT and institutions such as law systems, commercial practices, and aggregative preference of peoples, and to get some policy implications for effective IT diffusion. This research is based on the inter-disciplinal analysis such as innovation theory, techno-geopolitics, and comparative institutional analysis. This research is mainly focus on (i) an institutional response to IT (Information Technology), (ii) a resonance structure between IT diffusion and institutional response, (iii) determinations of resonance structure.An international network of experts of IT and institutional analysis was formulated for executing this research. The coverage of this research is from advanced countries such as Japan, the US, EU member countries to developing countries such as China, India, and Russia.The main policy implications of this research are as follows.(1) The level of institutional response to IT are remarkably different from countries to countries.(2) There are some evidences that only a few countries have a resonance structure between IT diffusion and institutional response in the short run. An interaction between IT and institutions might be a longitudinal phenomenon.(3) The main determinant of level of institutional response to IT is on the aggregative attitude to uncertainty which can be measured by the level of entrepreneurship.