Oxygen deficient syndrome beneath the Super Continent : role of graphite in grobal carbon cycling

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Graphite is a widespread and common accessory mineral in a variety of supracrustal rocks metamorphosed over a range of pressure temperature, and chemical inertness. On the other hand the precipitation of solid carbon (graphite) from natural carbon bearing fluids was reported such as those containing CO2,CO and/or CH4. We focused on the origin and carbon isotope of mantle related fluid inherited graphite deposits as a vein and magmatic types. During in 2003, we sueveyed the occurrence of graphite in Madagascar and at the first time found of new occurrence of incipient charnockitic rocks which is very similar to the typical incipient charnockite discovered in Southern India and Sri Lanka. These incipient charnockite were believed to be formed descication of metamorphism with highly dry(deficient of water) in India and Sri Lanka. In Madagascar, this occurrence of charnockitic rocks also informed the water deficient fluid presence which penetrated on the deep crustal rocks in the Gondwana … More supracrust. In 2004, we surveyed the graphite occurrences in Achancovil Shear Zone, south India where graphite occurrece of eclogitic rocks in gamet-spinel bearing gneiss and gave us the significant signature of mantle carbon in isotopes.We investigated during the project periods between 2003-2005 the occurrences of graphites in Madagascar, South Africa, Southern India, Ukraine, and Greece. We discovered the newly occurrence of graphites in highly metamorphosed crustal and mantle originated rocks. We also held an International symposium and field workshop on Gondwana evolution and dispersal in Kochi University collaborating with Profs.M.Santosh of Kochi Univesity and M.Arima of Yokohama National University. We organized the special sessions entitled the Fluids in the Gondwana Crust. Four special guest speakers invited from Sapin, Sri Lanka and Ukraine are presented the newly geochemical and gelogoical characteristics with the crustal evolution related with the occurrence of graphites in the Gondwana supercontinent. Less