Development environmental friendly fabrics by using the unused natural resources

本课题主要研究利用几丁质和壳聚糖等未利用的天然资源制备薄膜，并对薄膜的力学性能、生物降解和抗菌性能进行了研究。首先制备了几丁质、壳聚糖和季聚糖薄膜，并对壳聚糖和季聚糖薄膜的力学性能和抗菌活性进行了评价。甲壳素薄膜的抗拉强度比壳聚糖薄膜低30 ~ 40%，但结晶度远高于壳聚糖薄膜。第四季壳聚糖膜对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌活性强于壳聚糖膜。其次，制备了壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇共混膜，并对其力学性能和生物降解特性进行了研究。壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇共混膜的最大拉伸比随着聚乙烯醇含量的增加而增大。拉伸率为7倍时，22/78复合材料的室温杨氏模量约为20GPa，高于纯PVA薄膜的8倍。随着壳聚糖含量的增加，接触角增大，膜的疏水性增强。壳聚糖/PVA共混膜对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性优于大肠杆菌，但随着PVA含量的增加，抑菌活性逐渐降低。经季铵壳聚糖处理后的共混膜的活性提高，且不受中和作用的影响。这表明，处理后的共混物的拉伸提供了扩大应用的可能性，因为工业材料的杨氏模量和抗拉强度都有所增加。壳聚糖含量高的共混物失重速度快，在水稻土中的降解比在红粘土中的降解更显著。特别是未拉制胶片的重量损失更为明显。与红粘土相比，水稻土样品中不同大小的海绵孔打开了3.5 ~ 4.4倍。说明随着壳聚糖含量的增加，生物降解率较高。少

This project mainly dealt with the fabrication of films by using the unused natural resource such as chitin and chitosan and the investigation of the mechanical properties and the biodegradation and the antibacterial activity of the films.At first, chitin, chitosan and quaternary chitosan films were prepared, and the mechanical properties and the antibacterial activities of chitosan and quaternary chitosan films were evaluated. The tensile strength of chitin films was 30〜40% lower than that of chitosan films, but the crystallinity of the former was much higher than those of the latter. The antibacterial activities of quaternary chitosan films against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were stronger than those of chitosan films.Secondly, chitosan/PVA blend films were fabricated, and their mechanical properties and biodegradation characteristics were examined. The maximum draw ratio of the chitosan/PVA blend films increased with increasing PVA content. The Young's modulus reached … More ca. 20GPa at room temperature for the 22/78 composite at draw ratio of 7 times which is higher than the pure PVA film at 8-fold. The contact angle increased with increasing of the chitosan content, and the film became more hydrophobic.The antibacterial activity for the chitosan/PVA blend films was better for S.aureus rather than E.coli but the activity became less effective with increasing PVA content. The activity become more effective for the blend films treated by quaternary ammonium chitosan and became hardly affected by the neutralization. This indicates that the drawing of the treated blends provide the possibility to expand the applications as industrial materials became of an increase in Young's modulus and tensile strength. The weight loss was faster for the blends with higher chitosan content and the degradation in paddy soil is more significant than that in the red clay. Especially, the weight loss of undrawn films is more pronounced. The spongy hole of various sizes had opened 3.5-4.4 times for the samples in the paddy soil compared with those in the red clay. This suggests that the biodegradation rate is high with increasing the content of chitosan. Less