Resilience of coral communities under the global climate change: supply of coral larvae from Kerama Islands to Okinawa Island, and recovery of coral communities in Okinawa I

1.从实地研究中可以看出，庆良间群岛的珊瑚种群是冲绳产卵珊瑚的幼虫来源;冲绳I的珊瑚礁上产卵珊瑚的补充量更大。离Kerama更近。相比之下，Kerama Is提供的幼虫很少。到冲绳在孵卵的珊瑚中。在冲绳有大量的产卵珊瑚（主要是顶孔珊瑚）补充。在1998年大规模珊瑚白化后，大多数新成员都没有在大多数珊瑚礁上生存下来。死亡率二重奏捕食的珊瑚吃海星，海星，是最大的检测到的死亡因素。因此，珊瑚群落的恢复就冲绳I的珊瑚礁数量而言非常有限; 2006年，有10%的研究地点（18个）的珊瑚覆盖率达30%。对长期监测的珊瑚覆盖变化的分析表明，塞索科岛周围珊瑚群落的恢复潜力大大下降，位于冲绳岛的北方，在过去的25年里。冲绳珊瑚的补充I.由于Kerama Is的成年珊瑚群减少，由于外制动A的捕食，2002.5.对于具有较长浮游期的端孔珊瑚，其扩散距离应限制在200 km以内.与大型藻类接触的鹿角珊瑚的生长速度和繁殖力下降。与大型藻类接触的珊瑚似乎消耗了它们的资源用于修复接触造成的损伤，剩余少量的资源用于生长和繁殖。

1. Coral populations at Kerama Islands are shown to be larval sources for Okinawa Island in spawning corals from the field study; recruitment of spawning corals was greater on reefs in Okinawa I. where closer to Kerama Is. In contrast, very little larvae were supplied from Kerama Is. to Okinawa I. in brooding corals.2. There was a large recruitment of spawning corals (mainly acroporids) in Okinawa I. after the mass coral bleaching in 1998, but most of the recruits did not survive on most reefs. Mortality duet to predation by the coral eating starfish, Acanthaster planci, was greatest of detected mortality factors. As a result, recovery of coral communities was very limited in terms of number of reefs in Okinawa I.; coral cover reached 30% at 10% of the study sites (n=18) in 2006.3. Analysis of change in coral cover from long-term monitoring revealed that recovery potential of coral communities had been much declined around Sesoko I., which is located at northern part of Okinawa I., in the last 25 years.4. Coral recruitment in Okinawa I. was drastically decreased by reduction of adult coral colonies at Kerama Is. due to predation by out-braking A. planci after 2002.5. Dispersal distance of acroporid corals that have long planktonic period as larvae was suggested to be limited within 200 km from parent colonies.6. Contact with macroalgae decreased growth rate and fecundity of Acropora corals. The corals with contact with macroalgae appear to consume their resource for repairing injury caused by the contact, remaining small amount of resource for growth and reproduction.