Mechanism of enhanced low-energy nuclear fusions in condensed matter

1.DD聚变在金属中的增强反应速率：为了建立大屏蔽能量与金属中的氚密度之间的关系，测量了D(d，p)T反应在不同金属箔(Re、Pd/CaO、Pd/Re等)中的反应速率。结果表明，屏蔽能的大小与氚的密度有关，大的屏蔽能对应较小的密度。2.精确测量金属中D-D反应的p/t产额比：单个探测器在固定角度下测量的质子与Triton产额之比仅由运动学决定，因此，它反映了金属中的质子在碰撞前的行为。我们已经对从Be到Au的各种宿主金属的这个量进行了精确的测量。在145度测得的p/t比系统性地小于…。更多的是通过D(d，p)t反应的简单运动学计算来预测的。随着金属原子Z数的增加，偏差变大。因此，偏离的主要原因被认为是由于入射的氚与宿主晶格原子的多次散射。3.液态Li靶的Li D反应：为了测量液态Li靶与液态Li靶的Li D聚变，建立了一个散射室，其中液体靶水平放置在加热到400℃的碟子上。用20~100keV的氦束轰击液态锂进行了初步实验。直接测量了束斑的温度。因此，在我们的测量中可以推断出反应速率与温度的关系。初步分析表明，Li-D反应在液相中的屏蔽能大于固相。这表明靶的流动性对于提高反应速度是重要的，如金属中的D-D反应所示。较少

1.Enhanced reaction rates of the DD fusion in metals:In order to establish the correlation between large screening energy and the deuteron density in metal, the reaction rates were measured for the D(d, p)T reaction in various metal foils such as Re, Pd/Cao, Pd/Re and so on. The results show that the values of the screening energy depend on the deuteron density: larger screening energy for smaller density. This suggests that the fluidity of target deuterons in metals play an important role to the screening mechanism of the DD fusions in metal.2.Precise measurements of p/t yield ratio of the D+D reactions in metals :The ratio of the proton to triton yield measure with a single detector at the fixed angle is determined only by kinematics, and thus, reflects the behavior of deuterons in metal before they collide. We have performed precise measurements on this quantity for various host metals raging from Be to Au. The measured p/t ratios at 145 degree were systematically smaller than those … More predicted by a simple kinematical calculation for the D(d, p)t reaction. The deviation becomes larger as the Z-number of the metal atom increases. Thus the main reason of the deviation is considered to be due to the multiple scattering of the incident deuteron with host lattice atoms. In order to deduce information on the behavior of the deuteron in energy loss process as well as scattering with host atoms, a Monte Carlo program is now being prepared.3.Li+D reaction with liquid Li target :In order to measure the Li+D fusions with liquid Li target, the scattering chamber in which liquid target is placed horizontally on a saucer heated up to 400 oC was constructed. Preliminary experiments in which the liquid Li was bombarded with deuteron beams between 20 and 100 keV have been carried out. Temperature of the beam spot was measured directly. Thus, the temperature dependence of the reaction rate can be deduced in our measurements. Preliminary analysis shows that the screening energy of the Li+D reaction is larger for the liquid phase than the solid phase. This indicates that the fluidity of the target is important to enhance the reaction rates as shown for the D+D reactions inmetals. Less