Mechanism of enhanced low-energy nuclear fusions in condensed matter

1.金属中DD聚变反应速率的提高：为了建立大屏蔽能与金属中氘密度之间的关系，测量了不同金属箔如Re、Pd/CaO、Pd/Re等中D（d，p）T反应的反应速率，结果表明，屏蔽能的大小与氘密度有关，屏蔽能越大，氘密度越小。2.金属中D+D反应p/t产额比的精确测量：用单探测器在固定角度测量的质子与Triton产额比仅由运动学决定，反映了金属中氘在碰撞前的行为。我们已经对从Be到Au的各种基质金属进行了精确的测量。在145度测量的P/T比系统地小于那些 关于我们 通过对D（d，p）t反应的简单动力学计算预测。随着金属原子的Z数增加，偏差变得更大。因此，我们认为这种偏离的主要原因是入射氘核与基质晶格原子的多次散射。为了研究氘核在能量损失过程中的行为以及与宿主原子的散射，目前正在进行Monte Carlo程序的设计。3. Li +D反应：为了测量Li+D聚变反应，我们设计了一个散射室，其中液体靶水平放置在一个加热到400 ℃的托盘上。初步的实验中，液体锂轰击氘束之间的20和100千电子伏进行了。直接测量了束斑的温度。因此，在我们的测量中可以推断出反应速率的温度依赖性。初步分析表明，液相Li+D反应的屏蔽能大于固相。这表明靶的流动性对提高金属中D+D反应的速率是重要的。少

1.Enhanced reaction rates of the DD fusion in metals:In order to establish the correlation between large screening energy and the deuteron density in metal, the reaction rates were measured for the D(d, p)T reaction in various metal foils such as Re, Pd/Cao, Pd/Re and so on. The results show that the values of the screening energy depend on the deuteron density: larger screening energy for smaller density. This suggests that the fluidity of target deuterons in metals play an important role to the screening mechanism of the DD fusions in metal.2.Precise measurements of p/t yield ratio of the D+D reactions in metals :The ratio of the proton to triton yield measure with a single detector at the fixed angle is determined only by kinematics, and thus, reflects the behavior of deuterons in metal before they collide. We have performed precise measurements on this quantity for various host metals raging from Be to Au. The measured p/t ratios at 145 degree were systematically smaller than those … More predicted by a simple kinematical calculation for the D(d, p)t reaction. The deviation becomes larger as the Z-number of the metal atom increases. Thus the main reason of the deviation is considered to be due to the multiple scattering of the incident deuteron with host lattice atoms. In order to deduce information on the behavior of the deuteron in energy loss process as well as scattering with host atoms, a Monte Carlo program is now being prepared.3.Li+D reaction with liquid Li target :In order to measure the Li+D fusions with liquid Li target, the scattering chamber in which liquid target is placed horizontally on a saucer heated up to 400 oC was constructed. Preliminary experiments in which the liquid Li was bombarded with deuteron beams between 20 and 100 keV have been carried out. Temperature of the beam spot was measured directly. Thus, the temperature dependence of the reaction rate can be deduced in our measurements. Preliminary analysis shows that the screening energy of the Li+D reaction is larger for the liquid phase than the solid phase. This indicates that the fluidity of the target is important to enhance the reaction rates as shown for the D+D reactions inmetals. Less