Mechanism of enhanced low-energy nuclear fusions in condensed matter

1.金属中DD熔合反应速率的提高：为了建立大筛选能与金属中氘核密度之间的相关性，对不同金属箔（Re、Pd/Cao、Pd/Re等）中的D(D, p)T反应速率进行了测量。结果表明，筛选能的大小与氘核密度有关，密度越小，筛选能越大。这说明金属中靶氘核的流动性对金属中DD熔合的筛选机制起着重要的作用。金属中D+D反应p/t产率的精确测量：单探测器在固定角度下的质子与氚产率的测量仅由运动学决定，因此反映了金属中氘核在碰撞前的行为。我们对从Be到Au的各种主金属进行了精确的测量。在145度处测得的p/t比系统地小于D(D, p)t反应的简单运动学计算。随着金属原子z数的增加，偏差也随之增大。因此，偏差的主要原因被认为是由于入射氘核与宿主晶格原子的多次散射。为了推导氘核在能量损失过程中的行为以及与主原子的散射，现正在编制一个蒙特卡罗程序。Li+D与液态Li靶反应：为了测量Li+D与液态Li靶的聚变反应，构建了将液态靶水平放置在加热至400℃的碟子上的散射室。用20 ~ 100 keV的氘核束轰击液态锂的初步实验已经完成。直接测量光束光斑的温度。因此，在我们的测量中可以推导出反应速率对温度的依赖关系。初步分析表明，液相对Li+D反应的筛选能大于固相。这表明靶的流动性对提高反应速率很重要，正如金属中的D+D反应所示。少

1.Enhanced reaction rates of the DD fusion in metals:In order to establish the correlation between large screening energy and the deuteron density in metal, the reaction rates were measured for the D(d, p)T reaction in various metal foils such as Re, Pd/Cao, Pd/Re and so on. The results show that the values of the screening energy depend on the deuteron density: larger screening energy for smaller density. This suggests that the fluidity of target deuterons in metals play an important role to the screening mechanism of the DD fusions in metal.2.Precise measurements of p/t yield ratio of the D+D reactions in metals :The ratio of the proton to triton yield measure with a single detector at the fixed angle is determined only by kinematics, and thus, reflects the behavior of deuterons in metal before they collide. We have performed precise measurements on this quantity for various host metals raging from Be to Au. The measured p/t ratios at 145 degree were systematically smaller than those … More predicted by a simple kinematical calculation for the D(d, p)t reaction. The deviation becomes larger as the Z-number of the metal atom increases. Thus the main reason of the deviation is considered to be due to the multiple scattering of the incident deuteron with host lattice atoms. In order to deduce information on the behavior of the deuteron in energy loss process as well as scattering with host atoms, a Monte Carlo program is now being prepared.3.Li+D reaction with liquid Li target :In order to measure the Li+D fusions with liquid Li target, the scattering chamber in which liquid target is placed horizontally on a saucer heated up to 400 oC was constructed. Preliminary experiments in which the liquid Li was bombarded with deuteron beams between 20 and 100 keV have been carried out. Temperature of the beam spot was measured directly. Thus, the temperature dependence of the reaction rate can be deduced in our measurements. Preliminary analysis shows that the screening energy of the Li+D reaction is larger for the liquid phase than the solid phase. This indicates that the fluidity of the target is important to enhance the reaction rates as shown for the D+D reactions inmetals. Less