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Clarification of soil degradation mechanism in dryland and environmental restoration for sustainable agriculture development

阐明旱地土壤退化机制和环境恢复促进农业可持续发展

基本信息

批准号：
16380050
负责人：
HONNA Toshimasa
金额：
$ 9.47万
依托单位：
Tottori University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16380050/
关键词：
dryland irrigation farmland soil salinization soil test water saving undergrouond water Baja California salt damage 土壌劣化塩類集積ソーダ質化洪水利用農法塩類土壌ソーダ質土壌

项目摘要

To improve the sustainability of the dry land agriculture, appropriate management and rehabilitation methods of salt affected soils were developed based on the analysis of status and causes of soil salinization,1) In Baja California Sur, Mexico, most of irrigation water (underground water) and top soil were salinzed, and have been aggravated in some area. Soil salinization process was mainly explained by two factors. One was irrigation water quality and quantity that influenced salt addition and another was soil texture of subsoils that influenced salt leeching. Proper irrigation management, that is "water-saving", is the key method to solve soil salinization and to recover water resources.2) A convenient procedure to assess soil salinization risk (SSR) was developed. SSR was determined by the sum of the points of various factors that relate to soil salinization. By using the procedure, not only the state but also the cause of salinization was assessable.3) High sustainability of the flood use farming system was verified. Agricultural utilization of surface runoff including suspended sediment in dryland was an extremely useful method, because this method had the following excellent effect ; storage of water, soil fertility improvement by deposition of suspended sediment and salt leeching in saline soil.4) It was clarified that Kochia scoparia, which had strong tolerance for salinity and water shortage, was able to maintain good growth under highly saline condition and would be a promising forage crop in dry region where the salt damage progressed. The mechanism of elongation growth of seedling of Salicornia herbacea that was a promising plant for phytoremediation of salinaized land was clarified under high concentration NaC1 solution.5) Combination use of a plant residue and sulfur might effectively improve sodicity level of soils by enhancing solubility of calcium.

为了提高旱地农业的可持续性，在分析土壤盐渍化现状和原因的基础上，提出了盐渍化土壤的治理和修复方法。1)墨西哥下加利福尼亚州大部分灌溉水（地下水）和表层土壤盐渍化严重，部分地区盐渍化程度加剧；土壤盐渍化过程主要由两个因素解释。灌溉水的水质和水量影响盐的添加，底土的土壤质地影响盐的浸出。合理的灌溉管理，即“节水”，是解决土壤盐渍化和恢复水资源的关键方法。2)建立了一种简便的土壤盐渍化风险评估方法。SSR是由与土壤盐渍化有关的各种因素的点数之和决定的。应用该方法不仅可以评价盐渍化的状态，而且可以评价盐渍化的原因。3)验证了洪水利用农业系统的高可持续性。旱地地表径流包括悬浮泥沙的农业利用是一种非常有用的方法，因为这种方法具有以下优异的效果：在盐碱地中通过悬浮泥沙沉积和盐浸来蓄水、提高土壤肥力。4)表明猪皮草具有较强的耐盐性和耐缺水性，在高盐条件下仍能保持良好的生长，在盐害严重的干旱地区是一种很有前途的饲料作物。阐明了盐角草（Salicornia herbacea）幼苗在高浓度NaC1溶液下伸长生长的机理。5)植物残渣与硫配合施用可通过提高钙的溶解度，有效提高土壤的盐分水平。