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Hydrogeomorphic processes in steep forested headwater catchments

陡峭的森林源头集水区的水文地貌过程

基本信息

批准号：
16380102
负责人：
SIDLE Roy Carl
金额：
$ 10.05万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This series of studies covered a wide range of interrelated hydrogeomorphic research topics. Studies in the Wakayama/southern Nara and Miyagawa sites in Japan as well as the Bukit Tarek and Amphoe Mae Taeng catchments in Southeast Asia elucidated linkages between sediment supply and transport in managed forested catchments. In the steeper sites where landslide processes dominated on hillslopes, sediment yields were not only affected by the initial failed volume of landslides but also by the mobility of landslides and debris flows and the storage characteristics of the headwater channels. In the moderately steep catchments in Southeast Asia, road erosion played a major role in sediment transport, underlying the importance of this sediment vector as well as the need to incorporate adequate road planning and construction standards in mountainous terrain. Additionally, the Fudoji and Bukit Tarek studies quantified how mountain roads intercept subsurface flow during storms and reroute surface runoff, thus modifying storm hydrographs. In steep forest catchments in Japan that were clearcut, the timing of many of the landslides and debris flows corresponded to periods of reduced slope stability when root strength was at a minimum ; most landslides occurred 1 to 10 yr after clearcutting with some increases in landsliding up to 25 yr after harvesting. Conceptual models were developed to describe how landslides contribute to debris flow initiation under various conditions in steep terrain. New insights were developed related to hillslope runoff pathways in Mie catchment ; while Hortonian overland flow occurred at small scales, its significance decreased markedly at the hillslopes and small catchment scales. Such effects are now being incorporated in an updated version of the hydrogeomorphic conceptual model of stormflow generation. Advances in small-scale processes included the development of a preferential flow model that can eventually be applied to hillslopes.

这一系列研究涵盖了广泛的相互关联的水文地貌研究课题。在日本的和歌山/南部奈良和宫川以及东南亚的武吉塔雷克和Amphoe Mae Taeng流域进行的研究阐明了在管理的森林流域中沉积物供应和运输之间的联系。在山坡上滑坡过程占主导地位的较陡地点，产沙量不仅受到滑坡初始破坏体积的影响，而且还受到滑坡和泥石流的流动性以及源头河道的储存特性的影响。在东南亚中等坡度的集水区，道路侵蚀在沉积物迁移中发挥了重要作用，这说明了这种沉积物载体的重要性以及在山区地形中纳入适当道路规划和建设标准的必要性。此外，Fudoji和Bukit Tarek的研究量化了山路如何在风暴期间拦截地下水流并改变地表径流的路线，从而修改了风暴过程。在陡峭的森林集水区，在日本，皆伐，许多滑坡和泥石流的时间对应的斜坡稳定性降低时，根强度处于最低水平的时期，大多数滑坡发生1至10年后，皆伐与一些增加滑坡到25年后收获。概念模型的开发，以描述如何在陡峭的地形在各种条件下，滑坡有助于泥石流的启动。在三重流域的山坡径流路径相关的新见解，而Hortonian坡面流发生在小尺度上，其意义显着下降，在山坡和小流域尺度。目前正在将这些影响纳入暴雨流生成水文地貌概念模型的更新版本。在小规模进程方面取得的进展包括开发了最终可应用于山坡的优先流模型。