Property in Early Modern Societies. A Comparative Economic History.

欧洲近代早期与财产有关的历史资料具有决定性的地区差异。这些差异与官僚化和民主化进程的差异有关。欧洲各地区都有一套原始的继承制度，这就使得各地区的历史文献各具特色。德国的一些地区也对私有财产进行了库存控制，但仅限于符腾堡等特殊地区，那里采用了可分割继承制度。此外，不可分割的继承制度创造了特殊的文件，如黑森州当地总资源的调查。这一调查采用的行政程序与私有财产盘存管制所用的程序大不相同。这样的村镇调查，是为了了解当地的整体财产，而不是个别的私有财产。捷克共和国的历史资料，特别是南波希米亚的历史资料，是用于历史人口统计和家族史的最佳文件，因为该地区的人口登记是在年度人口普查中进行的。这在近代早期的欧洲是罕见的。在这样的社会中，政府认为特定地区的人民是当地最有用的资源。还制作了关于土地财产的仔细调查文件。官僚化在早期现代社会也是一个多样化的过程，它产生了各种类型的文件。有许多方法可以理解财产的概念，因为它不仅指私人财产，而且指一般的集体资源。国家和个人都有自己的意志和目的。他们的各种相互冲突和共同利益导致产生了独特的文件，并产生了决定每个地区继承模式和家庭战略的行政环境。

European historical sources related to property in the early modern period have decisive regional differences. These variations are related to differences in the processes of bureaucratization and democratization.1. Each European region had an original inheritance system, which gave the historical documents of each region their own characteristics. Inventory control of private property was also conducted in some regions in Germany, but only in special regions such as Wurttemberg, where a partible inheritance system was used.2. Also, the impartible inheritance system created special documents such as an investigation of total local resources in Hessen. This investigation used a much different administrative process from that used in the inventory control of private property. Such a survey of villages and towns was managed in order to gain an understanding of local property as a whole rather than of individual private property.3. Historical materials in the Czech Republic, especially in south Bohemia, represent some of the best documents for use in historical demography and family history, because population registers were made in an annual census in this region. This was rare in early modern Europe. In such societies, the government considered the people in a given area to be the most useful local resources. Carefully investigated documents on landed property were also produced.4. Bureaucratization was also a varied process in early modern societies, and it produced various types of documentation. There existed many ways to understand the concept of property, as it referred not only to private property but also to collective resources in general.5. The state and the individual person each had their own will and purpose. Their various conflicting and common interests caused unique documents to be produced and brought about administrative settings that determined the inheritance patterns and family strategies in each region.