Making a detector for observing photons at CERN LHC to clarify ultra-high energy cosmic ray phenomena

本研究的目的是为2008年投入运行的欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机制造一个探测器，并观测在极向前区域产生的光子、π - 0和中子的能谱。有了这个结果，我们检查了蒙特卡罗模拟中用于超高能量宇宙射线诱导的空气阵雨发展的各种核相互作用模型。为此，我们对CERN的实验条件进行了详细的调查，与CERN的研究人员和我们的指导合作者进行了谈判，提交了实验方案，参加了评审委员会的委员会，CERN SPS制作了一个原型探测器并进行了光束测试，并制作了一个用于实际运行的探测器并进行了光束测试。对原型探测器的性能进行了总结，并提交给《核仪器与方法A》（即将出版）。我们在各种国际会议上展示了这个项目，得到了高度的赞赏。经过两年半的评审，我们的实验在2007年夏天被正式批准为6^<th>实验，LHCf。这是除了大型强子对撞机项目开始时批准的第一个实验。我们制作的探测器是一个辐射长度为~ 40的钨量热计，由两个塔组成；一个是2cmx2cm，另一个是4cmx4cm的截面积。对于淋浴中心的定位，我们使用了闪烁光纤和多阳极PMT。对于吸收能量的采样，我们使用塑料闪烁体。我们还放置了一个机械手，以便在光束照射期间可以远程控制探测器的位置。探测器将安装在距离IP1相互作用点140米的地方。在这一点上，束管分裂成两个，我们可以观察到即使在零度发射的中性粒子，通过将探测器放在中间，我们可以在TAN旁边找到一个宽9厘米，长35厘米的空间来吸收中性粒子。2007年1月，我们成功地进行了预安装测试，并证明了我们的安装可以在短时间内快速完成。少

The purpose of this research is to make a detector to be operated at CERN LHC which is expected to work in 2008, and observe the energy spectrum of photons, pi0s and neutrons produced in the very forward region. With that result, we examine various nuclear interaction models used in the Monte-Carlo simulation for development of air showers induced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays.For this end, we performed a detailed investigation of experimental conditions at CERN, negotiation with researchers in CERN and ouroversee collaborators, submission of experimental proposal, attendance at the committee of referee board, production of a prototype detector and its beam test by CERN SPS, and production and beam test of a detector to be used at real run.The performance of the proto-type detector was summarized and submitted to Nuclear Instrument and Method A (in press). We presented the project at various international conferences to receive a high appreciation. The evaluation procedure by the CE … More RN LHC committee extended over 2.5 years and our experiment has been formally approved as 6^<th> experiment, LHCf, in the summer of 2007. This is the first experiment except for large ones approved at the start of the LHC project. The detector we made is a calorimeter having 〜40 radiation length of tungsten, consisting of two towers ; one is 2cmx2cm and the other 4cmx4cm cross-sectional area. For the shower center positioning, we use scintillating fibers and multi-anode PMT's. For sampling of absorbed energy, we use plastic scintillator. We also put a manipulator so that the detector position can be controlled remotely during beam exposure.The detector will be installed at 140 m away from the IP1 interaction point. At that point, the beam pipe splits into two and we can observe neutral particles emitted even in the zero degree by putting the detector just inbetween, where we can find a space of 9cm in width and 35 cm in length in side the TAN for absorbing neutral particles. The pre-installation test was successfully performed in Jan. 2007 and we proved our installation can finish in a short time quickly. Less