Field Works of Schoolchildren's & Adults' Adaptation to Winter in Cold Regions

我们在寒冷地区有共同的主题。其中之一就是冬季户外生活的发展和丰富。在这个研究项目中，通过问卷调查的方式询问小学生对冬天的喜爱程度和讨厌程度。为了与成人的冬季适应性进行比较，也采用相同的问卷调查方法对成人进行了问卷调查。2005年冬季，实地工作在日本（札幌、森冈和仙台）、加拿大（滑铁卢和加蒂诺）、芬兰（埃斯波）、俄罗斯（哈巴罗夫斯克）和中国（哈尔滨）进行。在上述寒冷地区，观察到学童玩耍和成人外出等典型的冬季户外生活。特别是，在外出时测量学童穿大衣时的小气候，在睡觉时也测量他们卧室内的室内气候。在由城市研究者、城市规划师、景观设计师、游乐场设计师和冬季城市管理者等投资者和研究合作者参加的国际论坛上，讨论了如何通过户外活动获得乐趣，如何建立公共开放空间以支持活跃的户外生活，以及如何构建适应冬季的社区网络。从这次调查中发现了一些有趣的事实和一些建议。海外田间工作和国际论坛的成果将通过研究所和行政公告等方式传播给冬季城市的市民。

We have common subjects in Cold Regions. One of them is development and substantiality of outdoor life in winter. In this research project, schoolchildren were asked by questionnaire method how much they like or hate winter. For comparing with adults' adaptation to winter, adults were also asked by the same questionnaire method. The field works were done in Japan (Sapporo, Morioka and Sendai), Canada (Waterloo and Gatineau), Finland (Espoo), Russia (Khabarovsk) and China (Harbin) in the winter season in 2005.Playing by schoolchildren and going out by adults such as typical outdoor lives in the winter season were observed in the above cold regions. Particularly, microclimates of schoolchildren under their overcoat were measured while going out and indoor climate in their bedrooms were also measured while sleeping.In the international forum attended by investors and research cooperators such as urban researchers, city planners, landscape architects, play ground designers and administrators in Winter Cities, how to have pleasures through outdoor activities and how to set up public open spaces for supporting active outdoor lives and how to make up networks of community for adapting to winter were discussed. Interesting facts and some proposals were found out from this investigation.Good fruits after oversea field works and international forum will be spread to citizen in winter cities through institutes and administrative announcement.