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交雑を介した被子植物の多様化:交雑種の送粉様式の変化が花形質の進化に果たす役割

通过杂交实现被子植物的多样化：杂种授粉模式的变化在花性状进化中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
05J02323
负责人：
奥山雄大
金额：
$ 1.73万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

近年の分類学において、DNA塩基配列に基づく効率的な種認識の方法論の進展は目覚ましいが、一方で特定の遺伝マーカーに基づく被子植物の種分類あるいは種同定の試みは乏しい。これはおそらく被子植物において一般に、形態に基づく分類システムの信頼性が高いこと、また種が遺伝的に単系統群にまとまらないことが多いと信じられていることに起因すると考えられる。しかしながら被子植物の種を簡便に、そして効率的に定義できるような遺伝マーカーを見つけ出すことは、ある植物の個体を十分な形態情報無しに、正確に既記載種に位置づけたり(DNAバーコーディング)、あるいはある系統群の中に隠蔽的な種の多様性を見出したりする(DNAタクソノミー)道を開くため、極めて価値が高い。そこで昨年度に引き続き、核リボゾーム遺伝子のETS及びITS領域を用いて、日本産チャルメルソウ類の種の多様性の再評価を行った。その結果、現在10種が知られているチャルメルソヴ節において少なくとも13の明確な種を認識することができた。これは、被子植物の隠蔽種探索にETSおよびITS領域が有用であることと同時に、極めて最近に種分化を遂げた種群への適用には限界があることも示唆している。また同所的に生育するチャルメルソウ節の種間がいかにして生殖隔離を達成し、種の独自性を保って共存しているかを調査した。200通りにも及ぶ網羅的な人工交配実験の結果、チャルメルソウ節においては種間交雑が稔性を著しく低下させ有害であるにも関わらず、他種花粉を排除する仕組みはあまり発達していないことを明らかにした。一方で野外調査の結果からは、同所的に生育する種間では開花フェノロジーの違い、あるいは送粉様式の違いによって生殖隔離が達成されていることが明らかとなった。

In recent years, there have been several kinds of methods for classifying taxonomic taxonomy and DNA-based taxonomic classification of angiosperm.In recent years, the classification of angiosperms and the classification of angiosperms have been studied in recent years. The information of angiosperms is very common, the classification of angiosperms, the classification of information, the information of the system of angiosperms, the information of angiosperms, the information of angiosperms, the classification of angiosperms, the information of angiosperms, the classification of information, etc. The definition of the rate of faeces and faeces of angiosperms, the definition of the rate of faeces, the definition of the rate of infection of angiosperms, the definition of the rate of infection of angiosperms, the definition of the rate of infection of angiosperms, the definition of the rate of infection of angiosperms, the definition of the rate of infection of angiosperms, the definition of the rate of infection of angiosperms, the definition of the rate of infection of angiosperms, the definition of the rate of infection of angiosperms, the definition of the rate of infection of angiosperms, the definition of the rate of infection of angiosperms, the definition of the rate of infection of angiosperms, the definition of the rate of infection of angiosperms, the definition of the rate of faeces of angiosperms, In the whole system, there is a lot of information about the number of people in the system. There is a lot of information about the number of people in the DNA system. In the last year, we introduced the following information: ETS and ITS in the field of technology, Japan, Japan, and Japan. The results show that it is now 10 years old to know that there is a clear understanding of the situation in the past 10 years. Exploration of masking species of plants and angiosperms in the field of ETS. In the field of ITS, there is a significant increase in the number of recently differentiated species in the same time and in the same time. As a result, a group of people have been asked to use a limited range of information to show that they are instigated. The child-bearing parents in the same place have achieved reproductive quarantine in the same place, and there are many kinds of reproductive quarantines that coexist and coexist. 200 the results of the artificial mating experiment, the fertility of the artificial mating test and the network, the low temperature, the harmful effect and the effect of other kinds of pollen on the results of the artificial mating experiment and the results of the artificial mating experiment, the results of the artificial mating experiment and the results of the artificial mating experiment, the results of the artificial mating experiment and the results of the artificial mating experiment, the results of the artificial mating experiment, the fertility between the two groups, and the results of the artificial mating experiment, the results of the artificial mating experiment and the results of the artificial mating experiment, the results of the artificial mating experiment, the fertility of the host, the low temperature, the harmful effect and the other kind of pollen. The results of one-side field experiment, the opening of flowers in the same place, the opening of flowers, the delivery of powder and the prevention of reproductive quarantine in the same place have been established.