Structure, Formation and Decay of Dense Kaonic Nuclei

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Studies of the structure, formation and decay of kaonic nuclei, in particular, of the most basic K-p and K-pp, have been studied. The force that produces high-density kaonic nuclei is a new type of force, which originates from a large exchange attraction of Heitler-London type, caused by a migrating K- between the two nucleons. Since this force is 4 times as strong as the ordinary nuclear force, we name it "super-strong nuclear force".Recently, chiral theories predict that the K-p state is located at 1420MeV or above and that the K--p interaction is weak, in great contrast to the presence of Lambda*(1405). We point out problems in their predictions. Experimental methods to test this hypothesis have been proposed. A new analysis of old bubble chamber data on K- absorption in 4He was made, which confirmed the Lambda* energy is 1405MeV, not 1420MeV.It was shown that the predicted dense K-pp nucleus can be formed in p+p collision, where Lambda*(1405)=K-p is produced in close proximity with the other participating proton, thus spontaneously forming K-pp at a very large sticking probability. Thus, its search in the p+p collision is in progress at GSI. Parallel to this effort, analysis of experimental results of p+p->K++ Lambda + p reaction at SATURNE-DISTO was carried out. As predicted, a deeply bound and dense K-pp state with a K- binding energy of 103MeV and a width of 120MeV was found.