Quantum atom optics with Bose-Einstein condensate atoms

在本研究项目中，我们利用超冷原子和玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚原子研究了原子光学。首先，我们开发了一个多功能的BEC机的基础上，原子芯片技术。利用该装置，可以在3s内实现~（87）Rb BEC原子的快速产生。其次，我们研究了利用原子芯片上的BEC原子进行原子干涉。我们已经实现了高达50毫秒的长相干时间与约30%的高干涉条纹对比度。我们还研究了BEC原子在脉冲光学驻波势中的情况，即所谓的原子光学量子受激转子系统。利用该系统，我们实现了受踢BEC原子的动量修正输运。我们发现所观察到的原子定向输运是由物质波的量子力学干涉引起的。为了研究量子原子光学，我们研制了一套操纵单个原子的实验装置。我们可以在光偶极阱中囚禁单个Rb原子超过1 s。我们还证明了被囚禁的Rb原子被激发到高激发的Rydberg态以增强原子-原子相互作用。利用这些方法，我们将能够实现原子之间的量子力学关联或原子的纠缠态。

In this research project, we have studied the atom optics using ultra cold atoms and Bose-Einstein condensate atoms. First we have developed a versatile BEC machine based on an atom chip technology. Using this apparatus, we can realize a fast production of 87Rb BEC atoms within 3 s. Next we have studied the atom interferometer using BEC atoms on an atom chip. We have realized a long coherence time of up to 50 ms with a high interference fringe contrast of about 30%. We have also studied BEC atoms in pulsed optical standing wave potential, so called an atom optics quantum kicked rotor system. Using this system, we have realized a rectified momentum transport for a kicked BEC atoms. We found that the observed directed transport of atoms is caused by the quantum mechanical interference of matter waves. In order to study the quantum atom optics, we have developed an experimental apparatus for the manipulation of a single atom. We could trap a single Rb atom in an optical dipole trap for more than 1 s. We also demonstrated the excitation of trapped Rb atoms to the highly excited Rydberg state to enhance the atom-atom interaction. Using these methods, we will be able to realize a quantum mechanical correlation between atoms or an entangled state of atoms.