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Development of teaching materials using a zoo in science of a junior high school and activities of spreading those teaching materials

初中科学动物园教材的开发及教材普及活动

基本信息

批准号：
17500572
负责人：
JAANA Haruo
金额：
$ 0.83万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University of Education
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17500572/
关键词：
Zoo Teaching materials on animals Development of teaching materials Replica of crania Replica of footprints Molar Structure of limbs of vertebrates Evolutional point of view 演繹的推論進化動物の仲間中学校理科消化管プラスティネーション

项目摘要

The first goal of the present study is to develop teaching materials and methods using a zoo on an animal study in a junior high school. The second goal of this study is to spread those teaching materials to secondary schools. We gave attention to importance of observing real things, importance of evolutional point of view and importance of observation with sense of purpose in devising teaching plans about animals. For that purpose, we made replicas of crania of a deer and a lion, plastination of pieces of a small intestine of a pig, skeletal specimens of chicken forearms, replicas of footprints of mammals and video showing differences of locomotive manner of vertebrates. These teaching materials can be used in chapters of "Structure and Function of Animal Body" and "Vertebrates Group" in science.Students pay attention to adaptive forms of animals based on feeding habit and locomotive manner in the proposed teaching plans, and understand that all the animals connect phylogenetically. This is important in biological study and essential in realize the importance of life. The proposed teaching plans include a process of inferring deductively from a hypothesis, which give sense of purpose to students in the observations.In order to spread the results of this study and the teaching materials, we established the Group of ASAHIYAMA Zoo Education (GAZE)"in which zoo staffs and university teachers offer opportunities of animal study to school teachers. We also used opportunities of teacher's studies for a brushup and studies held under the law every 10 years.We think that the teaching materials which train students to observe and think biological phenomena from the evolutional point of view are offered to junior high school teachers.

本研究的第一个目标是开发利用动物园进行初中动物研究的教材和方法。这项研究的第二个目标是将这些教材推广到中学。在动物教案的设计中，注重观察真实事物的重要性、进化观点的重要性和目的性观察的重要性。为此，我们制作了鹿和狮子的头盖骨复制品，猪的小肠碎片的塑化复制品，鸡前臂的骨骼标本，哺乳动物脚印的复制品，以及展示脊椎动物运动方式差异的视频。这些教材可用于自然科学中的《动物身体的结构与功能》和《脊椎动物类群》的章节，学生在建议的教学计划中注重动物基于摄食习惯和运动方式的适应形式，并了解所有动物在系统发育上的联系。这在生物学研究中很重要，在认识生命的重要性方面也是必不可少的。建议的教学计划包括从一个假设中演绎出一个过程，让学生在观察中有目的感。为了传播这项研究的结果和教材，我们成立了朝山动物园教育小组(GATE)，由动物园工作人员和大学教师向学校教师提供动物研究的机会。我们还利用教师研究的机会进行了总结，并每10年举行一次法律研究。我们认为，培训学生从进化的角度观察和思考生物现象的教材是提供给初中教师的。