The Aid and Social Development for Poor People in Rural Bangladesh-The research in Kumilla District

20世纪60年代初，在东巴基斯坦时期，科米拉模式首先在科米拉地区引入，以进行绿色革命。从国内框架的角度来看，以往的研究表明，Comilla模式是Akter Hameed Khan提出的农村组织模式。然而，本文发现，事实上，科米拉模式与冷战体制下美国的全球战略有着密切的联系。Comilla模式是由Kotwali Thana中央合作协会（KTCCA）和Krishak Samabaya Shamity （KSS；农业合作协会）组成的两层合作体系（TTCS）。国际水稻研究所（IRRI）开发的IR-8品种已通过TTCS引进。由于现代农业的投入需要相当大的成本，因此政府的补贴主要通过外援的方式向技协集中。农协的目标是通过这些补贴和自己的资源来增加水稻产量，并获得越来越多的利润。然而，KSS成员实施现代农业生产方法所需要的成本通常超过了经济作物的收益，因此他们的赤字每年都在积累。没有土地的农民没有机会参加这个方案。自1992年以来，在Meguna Gumuti大桥东侧的Daudkandi Upazilla推行了农村发展示范方案。继Comilla模式的试验之后，MRDP也促进了现代农业生产方式的发展。MRDP的作用只在旱季增加了米罗高产品种的产量。然而，由于现代农业生产方式的实施，利用灌溉设施，农民不得不承担相当高的农业生产成本，消耗大量的水、化肥和农用化学品。这种影响在雨季大大减少了传统水稻品种的种植。因此，许多穷人在雨季失去了就业机会。在本次调查的范围内，对最贫困人口的涓滴效应无法得到验证。此外，自从采用科米拉模式以来，由于道路扩建工程，P村南部最贫穷的人被剥夺了土地。他们通过BRAC或ASA的方式组织了Shamity（志愿者组织），并参加了有助于减少其脆弱性的社会发展方案。我们离开是为了找个机会详细讨论这个问题。少

In the early 1960s, the Comilla Model was firstly introduced in Comilla district to make a Green Revolution during the period of East Pakistan. So far from a view-point of a domestic framework, the previous studies had indicated that the Comilla Model was the rural organization model set out by Akter Hameed Khan. However, this paper found that, in fact, the Comilla Model was closely related with the world-wide strategy of the United States under the Cold War system. The Comilla Model was the two-tier cooperative system (TTCS), which was composed of Kotwali Thana Central Cooperative Association (KTCCA ) and Krishak Samabaya Shamity (KSS; Agricultural Cooperative Association). The variety of IR-8, which was developed in International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), has been introduced through the TTCS. As the inputs of modern agriculture requires considerable costs, the government subsidies concentrated heavily on KTCCA through external aids. KTCCA aimed to increase rice production throu … More gh these subsidies and its own resources, and made increasingly profits. However the costs, which KSS members were required by the implementation of modern agricultural production method, usually exceeded the proceeds of Cash Crops, thereby their deficits accumulated every year. The landless farmers had no opportunity to participate in this programme.The Model Rural Development Programme (MRDP) has been introduced in Daudkandi Upazilla since 1992, where the east of the Meguna Gumuti Bridge is located. Following the experiment of Comilla Model, MRDP has also promoted modern agricultural production method. The effect of MRDP has increased the production of High Yield Variety of Boro rice in the dry season only. However, due to the implementation of modern agricultural production method by using irrigation facilities, the farmers have to bear the considerably high cost of agriculture production for consuming a large quantity of water, chemical fertilizers and agrichemicals. The effect of this sharply decreased the plantation of traditional varieties of rice in the rainy season. As a result of this, many poor people lose the opportunity of employment in the rainy season. Within the limitations of this investigation, the trickle down effect on the poorest couldn't be verified. In addition, the poorest people who have lived in the southern side of P village have been deprived of their lands through the road expansion project since the Comilla Model was introduced. They have organized Shamity (Volunteer Organizations) by the approach of BRAC or ASA, and they have been participating in Social Development Programme that helps to reduce their vulnerability. We left for an opportunity to discuss this in detail. Less