The Relationship between The Family Functions Nurtured by Non-Biological Parent-Child and Child's Understanding of His/Her Parents and Self and Parent-Child Dyad

讲述是养父母为了让养子了解亲生母亲的存在及其根源而进行的持续努力。我们对养父母进行了家访访谈，探讨了养父母在养子女对自我和亲子关系的理解以及家庭功能的养育过程中讲述程序的变化。主要发现：(1)养父母尝试通过对孩子心理发展和个性的理解来进行讲述；(2)养父母早期的讲述促进了他们对告诉的意识，并习惯于向养子女谈论亲生母亲。(3)许多养父母在孩子三岁和/或学龄时感到一些困难，如告知程序的转折点。同时，社交互动网络…对于养父母来说，更多的RK是更有必要的，因为他们有这样年龄段的孩子，以便进一步讲述他们的故事。研究还发现：(1)随着儿童能力的发展，养父母的诉说程序从单向向互惠转变；(2)儿童有年幼兄弟姐妹或与亲生母亲见面的经历激发了他们对诉说内容的理解；(3)被收养儿童在其年龄的某个时期出现了对被告知的暂时性厌恶倾向；(4)这些儿童对他人的差异承认越敏感(Kirk，1964)，他们的社会态度就越复杂。我们还综述了与收养家庭中沟通开放性相关的几个实证研究。尤其是在美国和欧洲，他们发现了养父母告诉孩子的重要性，这与儿童自我历史的形成密切相关。我们的结论是，养父母对他们的孩子作为个体的尊重以及他们与他们的持续对话表明，重新审视我们目前存在着不同家庭的社会是非常有用的。较少

Telling is the continuous effort by adoptive parents to make their adopted children understood about the presence of their biological mothers and their roots.We conducted home visiting interviews with the adoptive families, and explored the variations in telling procedures by adoptive parents in developmental view of their children's understanding on selves and parent-child relationships, and of the nurturing processes of their family functions.Main findings were (1) adoptive parents try their telling by means of their understanding on the children's psychological development and individuality, (2) the telling by adoptive parents in early stage promotes their own awareness toward telling and gets used to talk about biological mothers to their adopted children, and (3) there are many adoptive parents who feel some difficulties, such as turning point of their procedures on telling, when their children reach at three-years of age and/or school age. Simultaneously, social interactive netwo … More rk is more necessary for adoptive parents having children of such ages in order to progress their telling. Additional finding were (1) the telling procedures by adoptive parents change from one-way to reciprocal communication as children's abilities grow, (2) children's experiences of having younger siblings or meeting with their birth mothers motivate their own understanding on the content of telling (3) adopted children's temporary tendencies of disgust for being provided telling occurs at certain period of their age, (4) the more these children get sensitive to acknowledge-of-difference (Kirk, 1964) from others, the more their social attitudes become complicated.We also reviewed several empirical researches related to the communication openness in adoptive families, especially in the U.S. and Europe, and found the significance of adoptive parental telling with their children which intensively connected to the formation of children's self-history. We concluded that the adoptive parents' respect for their children as individuals and their continuous dialogue with them suggest very useful implications to revisit our current society where diverse families exist. Less