Research on the relation ship among disease susceptibility genes, axial cognitive, psychophysiological function and brain image in schizophrenia

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We tested cognitive function in schizophrenia using Wechsler Memory Scale-R, WALS-R, Advanced Trail Making Test (ATMT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Japanese Adult Reading Test, Continuous Performance Test and Facial Emotion Labeling Test. We assessed axial functionings in schizophrenia using Rehabilitation Evaluation Hall and Baker. Lower visuospatial working memory and processing speed assessed by ATMT was related with lower self care ability and community skill in schizophrenia. We report this finding in an English article. Lower performance in Facial Emotion Labeling Test was related with lower communication ability in schizophrenia. We reported this finding in a Japanese article. MRI images were analyzed using Voxel Based Morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging method. MEG data during working memory task and Stroop task were analyzed. During NIRS measurement, verbal fluency test (letter and category), executive function (Tower of Hanoi), working memory task and Stroop task were performed. We found diminished prefrontal activation during verbal fluency test (letter) and Tower of Hanoi in schizophrenia. We also found decreased prepulse inhibition in Japanese patients with schizophrenia. We obtained blood samples for gene analysis from 382 patients with schizophrenia, 121 healthy control subjects and 135 patients with other psychiatric disorders. We found several significant relationships among cognition, social functionings, brain images, psychophysiological function and disease susceptibility genes like DISC-1, Dysbindin, Neuregrin 1 and PACAP. This study established a basis for understanding the pathological structure of schizophrenia from gene level to psychosocial factors.