Comparative Study on Collaborative Planning for Multi Stakeholder Society

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Through the case studies on conditions for successful use of collaborative planning in multi-stakeholder society, the following results were indicated.System on Decision making:For every stage of Forum, Arena, or Court, social system and institutional provision for collaborative planning were insufficient and inadequate. Especially the function of Forum should be institutionalized at National Planning ACT.System on Source of Revenue:It is very difficult to have enough revenue for managing participatory and collaborative planning in Japan. The reasons were followings; 1) the amount of revenue which a local government can collect by itself is small, 2) it is not necessary for local governments keep a budget for managing collaborative and participatory planning because of the lack of duty of having local voices.System on Enhancing Capacity of Civil Society Organization:It is necessary to enrich various supports for civil society organizations so that each organization can propose their voices in the stage of forum in planning process and make a great variety of activities necessary for collaborative planning. For instance, support of experts, providing information, and other necessary resources are keys to enhance the capacities of civil society organizations.