Functional Differentiation of Responses against Crime on the Seas-International Law Perspective

这项研究审查了最近针对公海犯罪的国际法对策，证明这些对策在功能上是有区别的，并明确了其中固有的法律的问题，根据《联合国海洋法公约》，当有合理理由怀疑：（a）该船从事海盗行为;（B）该船从事奴隶贸易;（b）该船从事海盗行为。（c）该船舶从事未经许可的广播，而该军舰的船旗国根据第一百零九条具有管辖权;（五）虽然悬挂外国国旗或者拒绝展示其国旗，但实际上与军舰属于同一国籍的。最近一个引人注目的现象是，相继通过了几项承认某些干涉行为的一般性多边条约：（1）《禁止非法贩运麻醉药品和精神药物公约》;（2）P议定书 ...更多信息 《打击跨国有组织犯罪公约关于制止、禁止和惩治贩运人口特别是妇女和儿童行为的补充公约》;（四）执行1982年10月10日联合国海洋法公约有关养护和管理这项研究从法律上分析了在公海上干扰外国船只行为的实质性和程序性要求-标准和条件。具体地说，（1）对于实体法，因果行为的分类，（2）对于程序法，强制行动的分类，都被审查。对于前者，可以采用功能性和法律的利益性的分类方法。至于后者，（i）执法行动的方式和程度，以及（ii）所采取行动中固有的重要问题，得到了澄清。少

This research has examined recent international law responses against crime on the high seas, has proved that the responses are functionally differentiated, and has made clear the legal problems inherent in them.Acts of interference are justified, according to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, when there is reasonable ground for suspecting that :(a) the ship is engaged in piracy ; (b) the ship is engaged in the slave trade ; (c) the ship is engaged in unauthorized broadcasting and the flag State of the warship has jurisdiction under article 109 ; (d) the ship is without nationality ; or(e) though flying a foreign flag or refusing to show its flag, the ship is, in reality, of the same nationality as the warship.Adding to them, remarkable phenomenon of recent is successive adoption of several general multilateral treaties admitting certain acts of interference : (1) Convention against the Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances ; (2) Protocol to P … More revent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, supplementing the Convention against Transnational Organized Crime ; (3) Protocols to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation ; (4) Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 October 1982 Relating to the Conservation and management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks.This research legally analyzed substantive and procedural requirements -standard and conditions- of acts of interference with foreign ships on the high seas. Concretely saying, (1) as to substantive law, categorization of causal acts, (2) as to procedural law, categorization of enforcement actions, is each examined. As to the former, more categorization, that is, based on function and legal interest, is proved to be useful. As to the latter, (i) mode and degree of enforcement actions, and(ii) important problems inherent in actions taken, are clarified. Less