Development of the Evaluation Model for Effects of Retailers' Locations on Consumers' Convenience

研究的结果是建立了考虑零售商区位对消费者购物便利性影响的地方福利评价模型。构建了综合居住环境指标和购物便利性指标的模型。该模型基于局部分析常用的重力模型。具体来说，我们用它来衡量购物便利性。除此之外，我们还建议住宅环境应该受到零售商位置的影响。在酒井市政府的合作下，这项研究于2007年进行了一项大型调查。我们收集了酒井市消费者的购物行为数据。结合商业普查数据，计算了当地购物便利指数。我们讨论了指数的评估。通过本文的部分研究，我们成功地建立了地方福利的评价模型。因此，我们得出结论，有必要建立这个模型……更重要的是，我们应该校准指数的尺度。在日本，由于大型零售商店和购物中心被允许迁出城市，公共设施也因城市功能的分散而迁出城市，因此市中心被遗弃。至于英国，同样的事情也发生了。玛格丽特·撒切尔（Margaret Thatcher）的计划主导型城市政策促进了郊区购物中心的发展，并使城镇中心严重荒废。然而，自20世纪90年代末以来，英国通过1996年的《规划政策指导说明6》（PPG6）和2005年的《规划政策声明》（PPS6）在将零售商店引入城镇中心方面取得了显著进展，并通过商业改善区（BID）成功地振兴了城镇中心。这与日本的城镇中心有很大的不同。由于两国在漫长的历史中形成的城市规划和地方政府体制存在差异，因此将英国的这些政策适用于日本并非易事。但是对于BID，日本需要学习英国的BID来发展我们自己的BID。少

The results of this research were developing of the evaluation model of the local welfare considering the effect of retailers' locations on the shopping convenience of the consumer. We constructed the model that integrated indexes of the residential environment and shopping convenience. The Model is based on the gravity model that was generally used by local analysis. Concretely we used it for the measurement of the shopping convenience. In addition to it, we suggested that the residential environment should be influenced by retailer's location.On this study, under co-operation of Sakai-city government, a large survey has done in 2007. We collected consumers' shopping behavior data in Sakai-city. Joining the census data of commerce, we calculated the index of local shopping convenience. We discussed assessment of the index.As a result of this research, partially, we have succeeded to build the evaluation model of the local welfare. Thus we concluded that it was necessary for this model … More that we should calibrate the scale of the index.In Japan, town centers have been deserted for reasons that large-scale retail stores and shopping centers were allowed to move out of towns, and that public facilities were also moved out of towns for the spread of urban functions. As for UK, the same thing happened. The plan-led urban policy of Margaret Thatcher promoted developing out-of-towns as shopping centers, and it made town centers deserted seriously.However, since late 1990s, UK has made a remarkable progress in bringing retail stores to town centers by Planning Policy Guidance Note 6 (PPG6) in 1996 and Planning Policy Statement (PPS6) in 2005 and also successful in revitalization of town centers by Business Improvement District (BID).This is a big difference from Japanese town centers.It would not be easy to apply those English policies to Japanese because there are differences in city planning and local government system which have been formed through the long history in each country. But as for BID, Japan needs to learn from English BID to develop our own. Less