A Study of the Decline of Birthrate and the Actual Situation of Child care in Russia after the Breakup of USSR

本研究调查分析了近两年俄罗斯少子化和出生率下降的实际情况。主要结论如下：受1991年底苏联解体的影响，20世纪90年代俄罗斯人口出生率下降速度加快。因此，粗出生率从解体前的49‰下降到1990年代末的31‰。但从世纪初开始，它又开始恢复。最近的粗出生率达到了30‰的后半部分。另一方面，粗死亡率在解体后上升，直到现在仍然保持在一个较高的水平。因此，人口在解体后转为自然减少。自1990年代末以来，自然下降率超过6‰，就在解体前，儿童保育机构的入学率超过70%。现在，在俄罗斯，这一比例福尔斯到约50%，特别是在农村地区，这一比例下降到35%。结果，出现了所谓的“育儿合作倒退”现象，其原因是（1）育儿设施网络的缩小，（2）父母对育儿设施的信任度下降，（3）年轻一代成为家庭主妇的意愿增强。(4)完全生育率呈下降趋势，2000年后俄罗斯经济开始好转。由于反映了这种情况，儿童保育预算有所增加，儿童保育设施网络的减少也停止了。夫妻和家庭对孩子的印象也在改变。俄罗斯的儿童保育正在发生突然的变化。关于本研究的更多信息，请参考我的日文和英文报告，包括19世纪后半期到20世纪前半期俄罗斯儿童保育的长期趋势。

This study investigated and analyzed the actual situation of child rare and the decline of birthrate in Russia in these two years. The main conclusions are as follows.By the effect of the breakup of USSR in the end of 1991, the decline of birthrate advanced rapidly in Russia in 1990s. As a result, crude birth rate which was 49‰ before the breakup dropped to 31‰ at the end of 1990s. However, it has begun to be restored from the beginning of 21st century. Recent crude birth rate reaches on the latter half of 30‰.On the other hand, crude mortality rate rose after the breakup and remains in a higher standard even now In consequence, the population turned in natural decrease after the breakup. The natural decrease rate is being over 6‰ from the end of 1990s.The enrolment to childcare facilities exceeded 70% just before the breakup. Now it falls to approximately 50% in Russia, and in particular to 35% in rural. As a result, the phenomenon so-called the retreat from cooperation of child care appears.The following points are nominated for the factor of the above situations: (1) reduction of networks of childcare facilities, (2) down of trust by parents to childcare facilities, (3) intention to being housewives to be strengthened in younger generations. (4) tendency to decrease of completed fertility rate.The Russian economy is improving after 2000. By reflect of this situation, childcare budge is increased, and reduction of networks of childcare facilities is stopped. The child image of couples and families is changing, too. Childcare in Russia is on the process of a sudden change. Therefore it needs to pay attention to it for a while.For more information of this study, it is better for you to refer my report in Japanese and English including the long-term trend of childcare in Russia from the latter half of 19th century to the first half of 20th century.