Study of hadron structure and exotic hadron in the COMPASS experiment

这项研究的目的是利用欧洲核子研究中心的超质子同步加速器作为COMPASS国际合作的指南针，研究核子的精确夸克-胶子结构，寻找奇异的强子和反应过程。我们收集了足够多的偏振月光和偏振靶的数据，并对数据进行了分析，最终高精度地提取出了与自旋相关的结构函数。测得的氢核结构函数概括为：1)横向极化夸克分布，2)纵向极化胶子分布，3)纵向极化夸克分布。我们在国内和国际会议上发表了成果，并在国际期刊上发表了论文。特别是1)和2)是世界上首次获得的数据，3)提高了测量数据的精度，为核子结构研究的发展做出了很大贡献。我们关于胶子的结果表明，胶子对核子自旋的贡献很小，而不是…这一结果也与其他质子靶实验结果一致，如DESY的Hermes合作结果和BNL的RHIC合作结果。我们的结果表明，在横向极化的重离子上，柯林斯函数和西弗斯函数在重离子上的分布几乎为零。这一结果影响了对核子内夸克和胶子轨道角动量的理解，因为它很小，表明胶子轨道角动量对核子自旋的贡献很小或为零。我们还进行了横向极化质子实验，这一实验引起了世界的关注，因为Hermes实验唯一的测量结果显示了非零的Collins和Sivers分布，结果亟待证实。我们还准备了下一次使用强子束的实验，并构建了一个液体质子靶。我们还考虑了强子束实验的实验和理论问题，并研究了澄清奇异介子的问题。较少

This research has aimed to study the precise quark-gluon structure of nucleon and to search exotic hadrons and reaction processes by using the Super Proton Synchrotron as the COMPASS international collaboration at CERN. We collected enough data with polarized moon beam and polarized target and analyzed data Finally we have extracted spin-dependent structure functions of deuteron to highly precise extent. The measured structure functions of deuteron are summarized as 1) transversely polarized quark distribution, 2) longitudinally polarized gluon distribution, 3) longitudinally polarized quark distribution. We presented results at domestic and international meetings and published at international journals. Especially the 1) and 2) were the first data in the world and the 3) was improved precision of the measured data which contributed greatly to development of study of nucleon structure. Our result concerning gluon suggests small contribution of gluon to the nucleon spin which was not an … More ticipated before and this result is also consistent with the other experimental results with proton target such as the HERMES collaboration results at DESY and the RHIC collaboration results at BNL. Our result using transversely polarized deuteron shows almost zero distributions of Collins and Sivers functions at deuteron. This result impacts on the understanding of orbital angular momentum of quark and gluon inside nucleon because its smallness suggests a small or zero contribution of gluon orbital angular momentum to the nucleon spin. We also carried out the transversely polarized proton experiment which is attracted an attention in the world because the only measurement carried by the HERMES experiment showed non-zero Collins and Sivers distributions and the results are strongly needed to be confirmed. We also prepare a next experiment using hadron beam and construct a liquid proton target. We also considered experimental and theoretical issues for the hadron beam experiment and studied to clarify the problems of exotic meson. Less