Estimation of run-out distances of slope failures during earthquakes considering effects of rainfall

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The soils samples were taken from the sites of slope failures which had occurred during 2004 Niigata Chuetsu Earthquake. A multiple series of laboratory triaxial tests were conducted to examine the effects of saturation on the residual strength of soils. The residual strength of soils subjected to slope failures was found to be strongly affected by the degree of water saturation, however in a different manner among the soils. There would be many factors coming into these relations, and it is suggested that the dependency of the residual strength on the degree of saturation can be better characterized by categorizing the relations in terms of types of soils such as weathered sandstone, weathered mudstone, weathered granite, volcanic soils and others.The residual strength of unsaturated soils was also examined by using a constant-volume direct shear test apparatus. Based on the past studies characterizing the flow and non-flow conditions of fully saturated soils in terms of soil density, the influence of saturation conditions such as water content and degree of saturation as well as state parameters such as soil density and confining stress was examined.A simple analysis was proposed to estimate the run-out distances of slope failures during earthquakes by adopting the re〓