Research on the small historical cities and the formative process of the territories in the middle and southern parts of Tuscany.

根据形成过程的决定因素，选取了托斯卡纳中南部的10个地区，包括56个历史小城市。然后对各个小城市组成的地域进行分析，主要从中世纪晚期到文艺复兴时期的小城市构成的地域特点进行分析。本文结合当时的地理、经济、政治、宗教等因素，进行了广泛的记录和深入的调查。阐明了小城市不仅是独立形成的，而且是在与同一地域内相邻小城市的联系中发展起来的。

The 10 territories including 56 small historical cities in the middle and southern parts of Tuscany are selected according to the determinants of formative process. Then each territory composed of small cities is analyzed to find the specific characters mainly from late medieval time to Renaissance. Extensive recording and intensive survey are executed considering geography, economy, politics and religion in those periods. It is clarified that a small city is not only formed independently but also is developed in the relation with other neighboring small cities of the same territory.