RESEARCH ON COMMUNITY-BASED CARING SYSIEM FOR WELFARE IN WE DEPOPULATE, AGING AREA OF JAPAN AND SWEDEN

本研究的目的是掌握居民对关爱的需求，建立以社区为基础的关爱体系，构建适应性强、普适性强的居住环境模式。本研究选择日本和歌山市的米纳贝、熊本的佐加拉镇作为当地老龄化、人口减少的典型案例。瑞典的阿尔维斯塔面积虽小，但通过与居民交流意见，已经制定了自己的长期关爱计划。首先，通过访谈调查了水边和佐加拉市老年人、残疾人、关爱工作者、儿童和父母的生活实际情况，发现了以下问题和特点：1.对当地的老年人、残疾人、关爱人员、儿童和父母的生活现状进行了访谈。老人和孩子之间需要友谊。相互帮助的关系很重要。减少对照顾的不安和负担。居民与他们的管理者关系密切。然后，讨论了福利设施的类型，并提出了以下特点。紧扣居民需求。可以徒步参观。每次都可以使用。个性化、家庭式关怀。从这个角度来看，我们提出了建设紧凑的集体之家，这所房子的建设已经完成，有7个人住在那里。并对居住环境模式进行了探讨，提出了小型、多功能、分散、社区为基础的设施建设，最后提出了以瑞典阿尔维斯塔为代表的新型多功能日间服务中心，作为一种紧凑、可持续的区域服务模式。

The purpose of this study is to grasp the requirements of residents about caring, establish the community-based system of caring, and make an adaptable and universal model of residential environment.In this research, Minabe in Wakayama, Sagara in Kumamoto in Japan were chosen as typical case of aging and depopulated local town.The other side, Alvesta in Sweden is very small but already drew up own plan of caring for long time, through exchanging opinions with residents. So, it is significant to collaborate with the welfare section of the town office and make researches.At first, the actual situation about life of the aged, the handicapped, workers in caring, children and parents were investigated by some interviews, and following problems and characteristics in Minabe and Sagara were found1. Friendship between the aged and children is needed.2. Relations helping each other are significant3. Uneasiness and load about caring should be reduced.4. Residents are in intimate term with their administrator.And then, the types of welfare facilities were discussed, and following characteristics are suggested.1. Based closely on the requirements of residents.2. Possible to visit on foot.3. Possible to use every time.4. Individual and home-style caring. From this point of view, we proposed to construct compact and group home and the construction of this house was completed, 7 people are living there. The model of residential environment was also discussed and 'small, multi-functional, dispersed, community-based' facilities were necessary.Finally we proposed a new type of 'Satellite' of multi - purpose day service center, such as 'Alvesta Sweden' as a compact and sustainable model of regional care.