Intakes of vitamins and carotenoids and prostate cancer risk in a case-control study

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To elucidate the associations of dietary vitamins and carotenoids intakes with prostate cancer risk in Japanese men, we conducted a hospital-based case-control study. Study subjects consisted of 260 prostate cancer cases and 1599 male hospital controls, aged 50 and over admitted to a single hospital (Miyagi Cancer Center). Information on diet was collected using a self administered tad frequency questionnaire (FFQ) including 40 food items. We developed a food composition table that corresponded to the items listed in the questionnaire, and calculated daily vitamins and carotenoids intakes by multiplying the consumption frequency of each food by the nutrient content of the assigned portion size and summing these values for all foods. The risk of prostate cancer for the intakes of vitamins and carotenoids were assessed using unconditional logistic regression analysis adjusted for year of birth, year of survey, area of residence, referral base, smoking history, history of alcohol drinking family history of prostate cancer in parents and siblings, occupational history, total caloric intake and height We also investigated the risk for related vegetables and fruits intakes. There was no association between prostate cancer risk and dietary intakes of a -carotene, β -carotene, cryptoxanthin, vitamin D, α-tocopherols, vitamin B_6 vitamin B_12, folate, and ascorbic acid. As for vegetables and fruits, Intake of Chinese cabbage was inversely associated with the prostate cancer risk and decreasing risk of advanced prostate cancer was associated with increasing intake of green vegetables. The association between cruciferous vegetables and prostate cancer risk should be explored in further studies.