Strongly correlated quantum phase associated with charge fluctuation

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The ultrasonic strains have specified symmetries and couple to the electric quadrupoles of the electronic and ionic quantum states. The ultrasonic measurements of the elastic constants and attenuation coefficients, therefore, may determine the quadrupole susceptibility. In the present projects, using low-temperature ultrasonic phase difference measurement apparatus with a highly velocity resolution, we have carried out a study of non-Kramers doublet of localized 4f-electron in rare-earth compounds, rattling of local oscillator in clathrate compounds, vacancy orbital in boron-doped silicon crystal in pursuing strongly correlated quantum phases associated with charge fluctuation.