Super Rotation of Atmosphere/Plasma in Thermosphere-Cooperated Observations by Japan, India and Taiwan-

在航天飞机、空间站和卫星飞行的热层中，中性大气被太阳EUV和x射线辐射电离，电离率为~ 0.01%。由于电离后的离子和电子（等离子体）的运动受到局地磁力线的约束，中性大气和等离子体之间发生了较大的动量传递。最近的卫星观测表明，等离子体控制着低纬度热层中性大气的运动，并通过ExB漂移沿地磁力线绘制了这种力。这种相互作用可能导致低纬热层中性大气的超旋转。然而，没有在上层热层同时观测到中性大气和等离子体。2007年9月2日日本标准时间19时25分，S520火箭在日本宇宙航空研究开发机构内仓航天中心发射升空。火箭配备了锂罐和等离子体仪器。在海拔230公里、190公里和140公里处，共三次释放~ 1000 K的锂气体。锂气对太阳光进行共振散射，波长为670 nm，在4个地面站进行观测。我们首次获得了热层的中性密度和温度分布。通过与等离子体仪器数据的比较，阐明了中性大气与等离子体相互作用的过程。利用气体释放、地面灵敏CCD相机和图像处理技术，获得了上层热层测量的新技术。

In thermosphere where Space shuttle, Space station and satellites are flying, neutral atmosphere are ionized by Solar EUV and X-ray radiations with the ionization rate of 〜0.01%. Since the ionized ions and electrons, plasma, has a constrained motion by local geomagnetic field line, a large momentum transfer occurs between neutral atmosphere and plasma. Recent satellite observations indicated that the plasma controls the motion of neutral atmosphere in low latitude thermosphere, and the force is mapped along geomagnetic field line by ExB drift. The interaction may result in super rotation of neutral atmosphere in low latitude thermosphere. However, no simultaneous observation of neutral atmosphere and plasma has been carried out in the upper thermosphere.S520 rocket was launched from Uchinoura space center of JAXA at 19:25 JST on September 2, 2007. Lithium canisters and plasma instruments were equipped the rocket. Lithium gases with 〜1000 K were released three times at 230 km, 190 km and 140 km altitudes. Sunlight was scatted by the lithium gas with the resonance scattering at the wavelength of 670 nm, and was observed from 4 ground stations. We obtained, at the first time, neutral density and temperature profiles in thermosphere. An interaction process between neutral atmosphere and plasma will be made clear from the comparison with the data of plasma instruments. We also obtained the new technology to measure upper thermosphere by gas release, sensitive CCD camera on ground, and image processing.